“…For this purpose, anti-inflammatory cytokines such as and TGF-b (22)(23)(24), vitamin D 3 (Vit D 3 ) (25)(26)(27)(28), neuropeptides, including vasoactive intestinal peptide (17,29,30) and a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (31), and anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive drugs such as dexamethasone (Dexa) (28,32,33) and rapamycin (Rapa) (34)(35)(36) are often employed. However, the compound most suitable for clinical application remains undefined from the viewpoint of tolerogenic potential, stability, and capacity for migration toward secondary lymphoid organs, that is, the area where immune responses occur (37)(38)(39). Therefore, to obtain compounds that have stronger tolerogenic potential, we screened libraries of bioactive lipids, nuclear receptor ligands, and kinase inhibitors for molecules that would downregulate the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on DCs and produce the highest level of IL-10.…”