IgE sensitization to fungi mirrors fungal phylogenetic systematics

Soeria-Atmadja, Daniel; Önell, Annica; Borgå, Åse

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.02.028

Cited by 50 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…These epitopes often derive from proteins with similar functions produced by various species and are known as orthologs [39]. This has been observed between closely related species such as P chrysogenum and Penicillium citrinum and distantly related species such as Candida boidinii and A fumigatus [45][46][47]. Cross-reactivity between fungal allergens may result in false-positive results in sensitization tests and contribute to exacerbation of allergic symptoms in conditions such as ABPA.…”

Section: Allergic Immune Responses To Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic Fungal Airway Disease

Rick¹,

Woolnough²,

Pashley³

et al. 2016

J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol

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Fungi are ubiquitous and form their own kingdom. Up to 80 genera of fungi have been linked to type I allergic disease, and yet, commercial reagents to test for sensitization are available for relatively few species. In terms of asthma, it is important to distinguish between species unable to grow at body temperature and those that can (thermotolerant) and thereby have the potential to colonize the respiratory tract. The former, which include the commonly studied Alternaria and Cladosporium genera, can act as aeroallergens whose clinical effects are predictably related to exposure levels. In contrast, thermotolerant species, which include fungi from the Candida, Aspergillus, and Penicillium genera, can cause a persistent allergenic stimulus independent of their airborne concentrations. Moreover, their ability to germinate in the airways provides a more diverse allergenic stimulus, and may result in noninvasive infection, which enhances inflammation. The close association between IgE sensitization to thermotolerant filamentous fungi and fixed airflow obstruction, bronchiectasis, and lung fibrosis suggests a much more tissue-damaging process than that seen with aeroallergens. This review provides an overview of fungal allergens and the patterns of clinical disease associated with exposure. It clarifies the various terminologies associated with fungal allergy in asthma and makes the case for a new term (allergic fungal airway disease) to include all people with asthma at risk of developing lung damage as a result of their fungal allergy. Lastly, it discusses the management of fungirelated asthma. Key words: Thermotolerant fungi. Allergic fungal airway disease (AFAD). ABPA. SAFS. Asthma. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS). Immune responses. Diagnosis. Treatment. ResumenLos hongos son obicuos y forman su propio reino. Hasta 80 géneros de hongos han sido asociados con la enfermedad alérgica tipo I; sin embargo, los reactivos comerciales para testar las sensibilizaciones a los mismos, se encuentran disponibles para un número relativamente pequeño de especies. En cuanto al asma, es importante distinguir entre especies incapaces de crecer en temperatura ambiente y aquellas que son termotolerantes y que, por lo tanto, tienen una capacidad potencial para colonizar el tracto respiratorio. Los primeros, que incluyen los géneros comúnmente estudiados Alternaria y Cladosporium, pueden actuar como aeroalérgenos y sus efectos clínicos están relacionados con los niveles de exposición. En contraste, las especies termotolerantes, que incluyen hongos del género Candida, Aspergillus y Penicillium, pueden causar un estímulo alergénico persistente independiente de su concentración en el aire. Además, su capacidad para germinar en las vías aéreas da lugar a estímulos alergénicos más diversos y puede dar como resultado infecciones no invasivas que facilitan la inflamación. La estrecha asociación entre sensibilización dependiente de IgE a hongos filamentosos termotolerantes y la obstrucción del flujo aéreo, bronquiectasias y fib...

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Section: Allergic Immune Responses To Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic Fungal Airway Disease

Rick¹,

Woolnough²,

Pashley³

et al. 2016

J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol

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“…The importance of airborne ascospores is because some of them are allergens or plant pathogens and many of them belong to the order Pleosporales that has been reported as important aeroallergens that exacerbate respiratory morbidity (Soeria-Atmadja et al 2010). Allergy or asthma caused by ascospores has been reported for Daldinia (Herxheimer et al 1966), Leptosphaeria (Ganderton 1968;Burge et al 1985;Hasnain 1993a;Newson et al 2000;GrinnGofroń and Mika 2008), Didymella (Frankland and Gregory 1973;Jenkins et al 1981; Ackroyd and Fry 1983;Harries et al 1985;Allitt 1986;Richardson 1996;Newson et al 2000;Grinn-Gofroń and Mika 2008), Leptosphaerulina, Gibberella, Gnomonia and Chaetomium (Burge 1986) and Pleospora (Newson et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne ascospores in Mérida (SW Spain) and the effect of rain and other meteorological parameters on their concentration

Trejo¹,

Rodríguez

Molina

et al. 2011

Aerobiologia

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Airborne ascospores have been reported to be allergenic or plant pathogens, and their presence has traditionally been associated with rainfall events. The aim of the present study was to analyze the presence of airborne ascospores in relation to weather parameters in a town in SW Spain. A seven-day recording spore trap (Burkard) was used to sample the air over 2 years at 15 m above ground level on the terrace roof of the hospital in Mérida (SW Spain). Fungal spores were identified and counted by means of two longitudinal scans over the slides under 91000 microscopy. A correlation analysis was made of the daily meteorological data and the airborne ascospore concentrations, and t-tests were used to compare data between the 2 years. Nineteen ascospore types were defined, including one-cell ascospores (Chaetomium, Diatrype, Helvella, Xylaria), tow-cell ascospores (Diaporthe, Mycosphaerella, Nectria, Venturia), transversally septate ascospores (Melanomma, Leptosphaeria, Paraphaeosphaeria, Sporormiella, Massaria), transversally and longitudinally septate ascospores (Pleospora), and ascospores within asci (Sordaria). Leptosphaeria consisted of a group of four types described according to the number of cells, hyaline grade, wall thickness, and ornamentation, and other ascospores comprised one last additional type. The average airborne ascospore concentration was 153 ascospores/m 3 . One-third each of this total were from the Leptosphaeria group, with an average 54 ascospores/m 3 , and the two-cell ascospores or Venturia-like group (Diaporthe, Mycosphaerella, Nectria, Venturia) with 51 ascospores/m 3 on average. In third position was Pleospora with 27 ascospores/m 3 on average. The month with highest concentration was September, with 238 ascospores/m 3 , and the lowest March, with 56 ascospores/m 3 . By seasons, autumn had the highest concentrations, followed by winter, spring, and summer. The maximum daily concentration reached was 3,371 ascospores/m 3 . Daily rainfall was significantly correlated with the ascospore types Diatrype, Mycosphaerella, Nectria, two subtypes of Leptosphaeria, and Pleospora. Relative humidity was positively correlated with those ascospore types and also with Diaporthe and Paraphaeosphaeria, and negatively with Chaetomium and Melanomma. The concentration was higher on rainy days than on days without rain for Pleospora, Leptosphaeria (3 subtypes), Diatrype, Diaporthe, Nectria, Mycosphaerella, and Paraphaeosphaeria. The daily temperatures were in general correlated with the same types as the relative humidity, but with the opposite sign. For the monthly data, there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 years studied.

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“…It has proven highly versatile to disclosing pertinent patterns embedded in various data types. [66][67][68] This enhancement over more commonly employed simplistic clustering operations, devoid of such output diversification, provided valuable information on intra-cluster homogeneity as well as the degree of segregation of such aggregations, i.e. dietary prototypes, from their respective data centra.…”

Section: The Use Of Hierarchical Clustering Seems To Be New In This Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It produces a flexible multi-branching output and is equipped with a tailor-made dendrogram display, to visualize accordingly identified hierarchical structure of input data. 66,67,86 OMB-DHC features several enhancements of a previously reported scheme, i.e. it incorporates a tuned amalgamation of the K-means algorithm and ASW thereby enabling their sequential operation in an automated mode.…”

Section: Hierachical Clustering: Divisive Omb-dhc Versus Agglomerativmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, edges (branches) appearing in dendrogram representations are directly proportional to distances from their respective parent cluster centra. 66,67 Analysis by means of OMB-DHC encompassed the entire Swedish dataset, the three Swedish age groups separately as well as the Danish data set. The algorithm was applied to these data sets in two different ways, i.e.…”

Section: Hierachical Clustering: Divisive Omb-dhc Versus Agglomerativmentioning

confidence: 99%

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