Idosos vítimas de trauma: uma proposta de predição de risco

Abstract

Brazil is becoming more and more a country of white hair and this process brings consequences for Brazilian society and the health care of its population. The highlights are the external causes as a matter of public health that offers great impact on the health of the elderly. The aged have their ability of recovery reduced and remain hospitalized for longer periods of time. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the relation between the aged victim of trauma and the risk factors involved in the accident. General objective: develop indicators of risk prediction for trauma in the aged. Specific objectives: describe the profile of aged victims of trauma seen in the emergency room; Check which mechanisms of trauma are suffered by the aged; Learn the factors that contributed to the occurrence of the trauma; Analyze the risk factors for the occurrence of the trauma in the aged. Quantitative cross study, held in the emergency department of two hospitals in Curitiba, which was approved by their Research Ethics Committees. The inclusion criteria were as follows: patients of 60 years old or more, both gender, victims of trauma that were being seen at the emergency room and accepted to participate in the research voluntarily or under authorization of caregiver or family in case of cognitive or/and hearing deficit. The data collection was made through a semi-structured interview by the bed; the data obtained were organized in an excel spreadsheet and analyzed by computer program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences -SPSS version 15.0. The results were described by frequencies and percentages. To evaluate the association between two qualitative variables, it was considered the Chisquare test or the Fisher's exact test. To jontly evaluate the factors associated with the mechanism of trauma (fall and other events), it was adjusted a logistic regression model (stepwise backward). As from the ajustment, it were estimated the odds ratio values with respective confidence intervals of 95%. The subjects were 261 elderly people that met the inclusion criteria, 148 women (56,7%) and 43,3% men. The age ranged from 60 to 103 years old, and the average was 72,6 ± 9,3 years old. The great majority of the sample was under 70 years old (44,8%). Regarding to marital status, 43,3% of patients were married; 35,2%, widowed; 13%, separated, in cohabitation and 8,4%, single. The mechanisms of trauma more frequent were: fall (75,9%), running over (9,6%), direct trauma (5,4%) and car accident (3,8%). The medicament most used was the anti-hypertensive (45,2%). The multivariate analysis allowed to say that, independently of other variables included in the model such as the female gender, the presence of the caregiver, the continued use of medication and the presence of hearing problems increased significantly the probability of trauma by fall. Sight problems without wearing glasses and aged with incomes up to 3 minimal wages tend to have higher probability of trauma by fall. These results allowed establishing that the factors that...

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