Identifying Web Usability Problems from Eye-Tracking Data

Ehmke, Claudia; Wilson, Stephanie

doi:10.14236/ewic/hci2007.12

Cited by 166 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These results are consistent with the previous findings regarding the interpretation of these eye-tracking measures. For example, a higher number of fixations is related to difficulty in interpreting the visual stimulus (Ehmke & Wilson, 2007;R€ otting, 2001). In contrast, fewer fixations are a sign of expertise (e.g., Reingold, Charness, Pomplun, & Stampe, 2001;Schoonahd, Gould, & Miller, 1973).…”

Section: Recognition Versus Optimization Of Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Economies of Experience”—Disambiguation of Degraded Stimuli Leads to a Decreased Dispersion of Eye‐Movement Patterns

Król

2017

Cognitive Science

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We demonstrate "economies of experience" in eye-movement patterns-that is, optimization of eye-movement patterns aimed at more efficient and less costly visual processing, similar to the priming-induced formation of sparser cortical representations or reduced reaction times. Participants looked at Mooney-type, degraded stimuli that were difficult to recognize without prior experience, but easily recognizable after exposure to their undegraded versions. As predicted, eye-movement dispersion, velocity, and the number of fixations decreased with each stimulus presentation. Further analyses showed that this effect was contingent on recognition, and the selection of information from the stimulus could be informed by the identity of the presented object. Finally, our study demonstrates that after exposure to the undegraded version of the stimulus, eye-movement patterns associated with its degraded and undegraded versions become more similar. This suggests that eye-movement patterns can evolve to facilitate the optimal processing of a given stimulus via experience-driven perceptual learning.

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Section: Recognition Versus Optimization Of Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Economies of Experience”—Disambiguation of Degraded Stimuli Leads to a Decreased Dispersion of Eye‐Movement Patterns

Król

2017

Cognitive Science

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“…High number of fixations can suggest semantic importance or informativeness of the AOI [2,16,18,19]. High TFC can also be a sign of difficulty in interpreting information [15,20], complexity [21] and poor search efficiency [22]. For the purpose of this study, the TFC results are provided as an average for all the drivers included in the sample.…”

Section: Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into Effects of System Design on Metro Drivers’ Safety-Related Performance: An Eye-Tracking Study

Rjabovs

Palacín

2019

Urban Rail Transit

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This paper explores performance shaping factors associated with holistic design aspects of metro systems affecting driver's behaviour based on a case study using eye-tracking techniques. Train driving is a highly visual task where the physical environment provides key visual instructions. Eye-mind theories suggest that eye movements closely follow cognitive processes when it comes to interaction with the visual world. The data for this study have been collected in a representative urban rail system serving a metropolitan area with circa 1.2 million inhabitants during 20 in-service trials. Participating drivers were asked to wear an eye-tracker while driving a train as they would normally do. The study focuses on four areas of interest at four consecutive stations. The stations have similar characteristics but differ in terms of certain design elements which are mirrors, platforms, stopping position markers and positions of a running signal. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of these elements to metro drivers. The paper assesses the usability of the system design elements through analysis of gaze fixations. Results suggest the importance of the positions of a mirror and a signal in relation to the cab, as well as the distance between a stopping point and a signal. Such factors as openness of stations, passenger loadings and informativeness of certain elements also demonstrated influence on drivers' performance. It was also found that drivers sometimes do not check a signal before departing a station, which is a significant concern. The paper discusses factors potentially propagating such behaviour.

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“…• Compared to expert users in the lab and remote settings, users with an intermediate expertise exhibited higher values of exploration, and thus of visual search. The amount of visual search is known to be an indicator of users encountering difficulties [7], which could well be an artefact of the tutorial, but also an indicator of their expertise.…”

Section: Implications For User Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Ontology Authoring Workflows with Protege: In the Laboratory, in the Tutorial and in the ‘Wild’

et al. 2018

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The development of ontology engineering tools has traditionally lacked a user-centred perspective, instead being guided by the need to address particular gaps indicated by anecdotal evidence. This has typically resulted in prototypes that do not obtain traction beyond a narrow scope. Understanding the authoring patterns of ontology engineers is crucial to informing the development of ontology engineering tools that cater for the activity workflows of the users and, consequently, boosting the adoption of these tools. We report evidence about how Protégé is used across three different authoring settings, addressing the threats to validity of relying on a single user study. These settings address the continuum of expertise (from intermediate to expert users), the type of tasks (whether they are free-form or prescriptive) and the effect of the location (laboratory, tutorial or on their own) and how the studies are administered (whether or not there is a close supervision). While there are activity workflows that are particular to settings, the results indicate a number of core workflows that are common to all of them. We discuss actionable recommendations for ontology engineering tools in light of these results.

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Identifying Web Usability Problems from Eye-Tracking Data

Cited by 166 publications

References 11 publications

“Economies of Experience”—Disambiguation of Degraded Stimuli Leads to a Decreased Dispersion of Eye‐Movement Patterns

“Economies of Experience”—Disambiguation of Degraded Stimuli Leads to a Decreased Dispersion of Eye‐Movement Patterns

Investigation into Effects of System Design on Metro Drivers’ Safety-Related Performance: An Eye-Tracking Study

Comparing Ontology Authoring Workflows with Protege: In the Laboratory, in the Tutorial and in the ‘Wild’

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