Identifying the Conversion Mechanism of NiCo₂O₄ during Sodiation–Desodiation Cycling by In Situ TEM

Abstract

Figure 6. Schematic illustration of the conversion mechanism of the NiCo 2 O 4 material during its first and subsequent electrochemical sodiation-desodiation cycles.

Metallic Particles in Sodium Battery Anodes: A Review

“… Step 2. Destruction of the spinel structure and formation of NiO, CoO, and Na 2 O, at around 0.8–0.2 V. This intermediate step was particularly corroborated by Zhu et al [ 127 ], using in situ TEM and electron diffraction patterns. Step 3.…”

Metallic Particles in Sodium Battery Anodes: A Review

“… Step 2. Destruction of the spinel structure and formation of NiO, CoO, and Na 2 O, at around 0.8–0.2 V. This intermediate step was particularly corroborated by Zhu et al [ 127 ], using in situ TEM and electron diffraction patterns. Step 3.…”

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…The volume expansion is 27% after the first sodiation and 16–19.5% during subsequent cycles, giving rise to the different Coulombic efficiencies during cycling. Such first-cycle irreversible phase transformations have also been observed by in situ TEM in the NiCo 2 O 4 , CuO, − and MnO 2 , , as well as some metal sulfides/selenides, like Ni 3 S 2 , FeSe, Cu 2 S, and Co 9 S 8 …”

Transition‐Metal Oxides Anchored on Nitrogen‐Enriched Carbon Ribbons for High‐Performance Pseudocapacitors

“…The interplanar distance of 0.29 nm was ascribed to the spinel lattice plane of (220), the spacing of 0.23 nm corresponds to the characteristic crystal face of (222), and the interval of 0.24 nm was mirrored in the crystallographic plane of (311) . Six distinct diffraction rings were clearly observed and annotated one by one in Figure c, indicating the high purity and crystallinity of NiCo 2 O 4 @AMCRs . All the diffractive rings identified that the synthetic outcomes were absolute cubic spinel NiCo 2 O 4 , which crystallized in the Fd‐3 m space group.…”

“…[33] Sixd istinct diffraction rings were clearly observed and annotated one by one in Figure 4c,i ndicating the high purity and crystallinity of NiCo 2 O 4 @AMCRs. [34] All the diffractive rings identified that the synthetic outcomes were absolutec ubic spinel NiCo 2 O 4 ,w hich crystallized in the Fd-3m space group. Figure 4d illustrates the crystal structure of the cubic NiCo 2 O 4 phase in one unit cell, all the Ni 2 + ions wereo ctahedrally coordinated with eight oxygen atoms, whereas the Co 3 + ions occupied all the tetrahedral centers and part of octahedral centers.…”

Metallic Particles in Sodium Battery Anodes: A Review

“… Step 2. Destruction of the spinel structure and formation of NiO, CoO, and Na 2 O, at around 0.8–0.2 V. This intermediate step was particularly corroborated by Zhu et al [ 127 ], using in situ TEM and electron diffraction patterns. Step 3.…”

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…The volume expansion is 27% after the first sodiation and 16–19.5% during subsequent cycles, giving rise to the different Coulombic efficiencies during cycling. Such first-cycle irreversible phase transformations have also been observed by in situ TEM in the NiCo 2 O 4 , CuO, − and MnO 2 , , as well as some metal sulfides/selenides, like Ni 3 S 2 , FeSe, Cu 2 S, and Co 9 S 8 …”

Transition‐Metal Oxides Anchored on Nitrogen‐Enriched Carbon Ribbons for High‐Performance Pseudocapacitors

“…The interplanar distance of 0.29 nm was ascribed to the spinel lattice plane of (220), the spacing of 0.23 nm corresponds to the characteristic crystal face of (222), and the interval of 0.24 nm was mirrored in the crystallographic plane of (311) . Six distinct diffraction rings were clearly observed and annotated one by one in Figure c, indicating the high purity and crystallinity of NiCo 2 O 4 @AMCRs . All the diffractive rings identified that the synthetic outcomes were absolute cubic spinel NiCo 2 O 4 , which crystallized in the Fd‐3 m space group.…”

“…[33] Sixd istinct diffraction rings were clearly observed and annotated one by one in Figure 4c,i ndicating the high purity and crystallinity of NiCo 2 O 4 @AMCRs. [34] All the diffractive rings identified that the synthetic outcomes were absolutec ubic spinel NiCo 2 O 4 ,w hich crystallized in the Fd-3m space group. Figure 4d illustrates the crystal structure of the cubic NiCo 2 O 4 phase in one unit cell, all the Ni 2 + ions wereo ctahedrally coordinated with eight oxygen atoms, whereas the Co 3 + ions occupied all the tetrahedral centers and part of octahedral centers.…”

Metallic Particles in Sodium Battery Anodes: A Review

“… Step 2. Destruction of the spinel structure and formation of NiO, CoO, and Na 2 O, at around 0.8–0.2 V. This intermediate step was particularly corroborated by Zhu et al [ 127 ], using in situ TEM and electron diffraction patterns. Step 3.…”

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…The volume expansion is 27% after the first sodiation and 16–19.5% during subsequent cycles, giving rise to the different Coulombic efficiencies during cycling. Such first-cycle irreversible phase transformations have also been observed by in situ TEM in the NiCo 2 O 4 , CuO, − and MnO 2 , , as well as some metal sulfides/selenides, like Ni 3 S 2 , FeSe, Cu 2 S, and Co 9 S 8 …”

Transition‐Metal Oxides Anchored on Nitrogen‐Enriched Carbon Ribbons for High‐Performance Pseudocapacitors

“…The interplanar distance of 0.29 nm was ascribed to the spinel lattice plane of (220), the spacing of 0.23 nm corresponds to the characteristic crystal face of (222), and the interval of 0.24 nm was mirrored in the crystallographic plane of (311) . Six distinct diffraction rings were clearly observed and annotated one by one in Figure c, indicating the high purity and crystallinity of NiCo 2 O 4 @AMCRs . All the diffractive rings identified that the synthetic outcomes were absolute cubic spinel NiCo 2 O 4 , which crystallized in the Fd‐3 m space group.…”

“…[33] Sixd istinct diffraction rings were clearly observed and annotated one by one in Figure 4c,i ndicating the high purity and crystallinity of NiCo 2 O 4 @AMCRs. [34] All the diffractive rings identified that the synthetic outcomes were absolutec ubic spinel NiCo 2 O 4 ,w hich crystallized in the Fd-3m space group. Figure 4d illustrates the crystal structure of the cubic NiCo 2 O 4 phase in one unit cell, all the Ni 2 + ions wereo ctahedrally coordinated with eight oxygen atoms, whereas the Co 3 + ions occupied all the tetrahedral centers and part of octahedral centers.…”