Identifying factors predicting iron deficiency in United States adolescent females using the ferritin and the body iron models

Sekhar, Deepa L.; Murray-Kolb, Laura E.; Kunselman, Allen R.; Paul, Ian M.

doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2015.03.001

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…We also measured serum iron, as a low cost assay in resource-limited settings. We evaluated factors known to be associated with iron status including age [ 10 ], sex [ 11 ], altitude [ 12 ] and ethnicity [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron status and anaemia in Sri Lankan secondary school children: A cross-sectional survey

Allen

Rodrigo

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundIron deficiency, the most common micronutrient disorder and cause of anaemia globally, impairs growth, cognition, behaviour and resistance to infection.Methods/ResultsAs part of a national survey of inherited haemoglobin variants in 7526 students from 72 secondary schools purposefully selected from the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, we studied 5912 students with a normal haemoglobin genotype. Median age was 16.0 (IQR 15.0–17.0) years and 3189 (53.9%) students were males. Most students were Sinhalese (65.7%), with fewer Tamils (23.1%) and Muslims (11.2%). Anaemia occurred in 470 students and was more common in females (11.1%) than males (5.6%). Haemoglobin, serum ferritin, transferrin receptor and iron were determined in 1196 students with low red cell indices and a structured sample of those with normal red cell indices (n = 513). The findings were weighted to estimate the frequencies of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia classified according to WHO criteria. Iron depletion (serum ferritin <15ug/ml) occurred in 19.2% and cellular iron deficiency (low serum ferritin and transferrin receptor >28.1 nmol/l) in 11.6% students. Iron deficiency anaemia (cellular iron deficiency with low haemoglobin) occurred in only 130/2794 (4.6%) females and 28/2789 (1.0%) males. Iron biomarkers were normal in 83/470 (14.6%) students with anaemia. In multiple regression analysis, the odds for iron depletion and cellular iron deficiency were about one-third in males compared with females, and the odds for iron deficiency anaemia were about one fifth in males compared to females. Tamil ethnicity and age <16 years increased the risk of all three stages of iron deficiency and living at high altitude significantly reduced the risk of iron depletion.ConclusionsLow iron status and anaemia remain common problems in Sri Lankan secondary school students especially females, younger students and the socioeconomically disadvantaged Tamil population. More research is needed to identify factors other than low iron status that contribute to anaemia in adolescents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron status and anaemia in Sri Lankan secondary school children: A cross-sectional survey

Allen

Rodrigo

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…In addition, deficiencies of some nutrients can limit availability for critical functions. For example, in winter months in the Northeastern U.S., 75% of urban children (9-14 years) were found to be Vitamin D deficient [28] and 13% of U.S. adolescent girls were iron deficient based on having abnormal values for 2 of 3 ferritin indicators according to NHANES 2003-2006 data [29]. Therefore, the clinical significance of the findings for adolescents regarding differences in nutrient intakes by frequency of meals prepared away from home may vary by stage of development and vitamin and mineral status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Meals Prepared Away from Home and Nutrient Intakes among US Adolescents (NHANES 2011–2018)

et al. 2021

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Frequency of consuming foods prepared away from home has been associated with lower diet quality among adults and adolescents in several earlier studies. Nutrient and food group intake and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores were compared among a U.S. nationally representative sample of adolescents (12–19 years, n = 3975) by frequency of consuming food prepared away from home ≤2 times/week (n = 2311) versus >2 times/week (n = 1664) using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011–2018. Regression analyses were used to compare intakes among adolescents by frequency of eating meals prepared away from home adjusting for covariates. Older (16–19 years) vs. younger (12–15 years) adolescents and those from homes with higher vs. lower family income to poverty ratios had greater frequency of eating meals prepared away from home. Intakes of nutrients of concern for adolescents including choline, vitamin D, potassium, magnesium, fiber, phosphorus, folate, iron, and total HEI-2015 scores and component scores for total vegetables, and greens and beans were lower among adolescents who consumed meals prepared away from home more vs. less often. However, no differences were noted among food group intakes considered good sources of nutrients of concern such as total fruit, total vegetables, whole grains, and total dairy, except for beans and peas by frequency of eating foods prepared away from home. Greater frequency of eating foods prepared away from home was associated with lower diet quality among adolescents in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents.

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“…Pagofagija, ili pika za led, posebno je česta i prilično specifična za stanje nedostatka željeza [31,32]. Treba je razlikovati od pike kod djece s intelektualnim teškoćama ili autizmom [33]. Povezanost pike s težinom nedostatka željeza nije dobro proučena.…”

Section: Klinička Slikaunclassified

Sideropenijska Anemija U Adolescenciji

Samardžić¹

2019

SCEPED

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Iron deficiciency anemia ( IDA) is the most common health problem that affects infants and young children worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, the global prevalence of Iron deficiency anemia was 32.9% (1). There is an increase in the need for iron among the adolescent population and they are more likely to have low iron stores and sideropenic anemia, which is often unrecognized and/or detected later in life. When the symptoms occur, they are caused primarily by anemia and may include weakness, headache, irritability, different types of fatigue as well as exhaustion occurring after strong physical effort. Furthermore, long-term iron deficiency can lead to impaired cognitive functions, learning capacity and reduced ability to concentrate. The symptoms develop gradually and may go unnoticed over a long period of time. The manifestation of iron deficiency occurs in several stages and is characterized by a progressive form of anemia. Risk factors for the development of sideropenia and then IDA include: an increase in muscle and total body weight and an increase in hemoglobin mass, the loss of blood through heavy menstrual bleeding, malnutrition, intense physical activity, vegetarian diets, obesity, infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria as well as chronic diseases. Criteria for anemia in children depend on their age and for adolescents are: Girls: 12 years and older: ferritin <15 µgr/L i hemoglobin <12 g/dL; Boys: 12 to 15 years: ferritin <15 µgr/L i hemoglobin <12 g/dL Boys: 15 years and older: ferritin <15 µgr /L i hemoglobin <13 g/dL.Adolescents should be screened at least once a year for iron deficiency and if any of the risk factors are diagnosed, laboratory tests should be performed. Follow-up is very important to confirm the diagnosis and should start at the age of 12 (puberty), and be repeated annually for the next five years. This is especially important for adolescent girls between the ages of 12 and 15, as they often have anemia due to monthly blood loss through menstruation, but there is also a significant number of adolescents who have suboptimal dietary iron intake. The recommended therapeutic dose for adolescents varies from 65 mg to 130 mg of elemental iron per day. Klinika za dječije bolesti, Univerzitetski Klinički centar Republike Srpske Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u BanjaluciSideropenijska anemija je najčešći zdravstveni problem dojenčadi i male djece u cijelom svijetu. Globalna prevalencija sideropenijske anemije prema Svjetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji iznosi 32,9% (1). Adolescencija je vrijeme povećanih potreba za željezom i adolescenti imaju često neprepoznatu i/ili kasno otkrivenu sideropenijsku anemiju. Kada se pojave simptomi, oni su uzrokovani prvenstveno anemijom i uključuju slabost, glavobolju, razdražljivost i različit stepen umora te brzo zamaranje u fizičkom naporu. Osim toga, dugotrajni manjak željeza može narušiti kognitivnu funkciju, koncentraciju i sposobnost učenja. Simptomi se razvijaju postupno i dugo se zanemaruju. Laboratorijske manifestacije nedos...

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Identifying factors predicting iron deficiency in United States adolescent females using the ferritin and the body iron models

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Iron status and anaemia in Sri Lankan secondary school children: A cross-sectional survey

Iron status and anaemia in Sri Lankan secondary school children: A cross-sectional survey

Frequency of Meals Prepared Away from Home and Nutrient Intakes among US Adolescents (NHANES 2011–2018)

Sideropenijska Anemija U Adolescenciji

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