Identification of Potential Fish Carcinogens in Sediment From Hamilton Harbour, Ontario, Canada

Balch, Gordon C.; Metcalfe, C. D.; Huestis, S.Y.

doi:10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[79:iopfci]2.0.co;2

Cited by 19 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Many of the PAHs are toxic, and exposure can result in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in humans and animals [1,2]. They are found in elevated levels in the environment, mainly as a consequence of human activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure time–dependent effects on the relative potencies and additivity of PAHs in the Ah receptor‐based H4IIE‐luc bioassay

Larsson

Orbe

Engwall

2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In the present study, relative potency factors (REPs) of 16 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated using the H4IIE-luc bioassay. Exposure time-dependent effects on the REPs were examined using 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure. Seven different mixtures of PAHs were tested for additivity at an exposure time of 24 h. Three of the PAH mixtures were also studied at 48 and 72 h of exposure. The mixture toxicities were predicted using the REP concept and the concentration addition (CA) model. Relative potency factor values investigated in the present study were similar to those reported in earlier studies. Declining REPs with an increasing exposure time were shown for all PAHs, indicating that this bioassay approach could be developed to assess the persistency of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonistic PAHs and in the risk assessment of complex PAH mixtures. The results from the mixture studies indicated that additive interactions of PAHs are time dependent. Generally, 48- and 72-h exposures resulted in biological effects that were similar to the CA and REP model predictions, while these models tended to underestimate the effect, to some extent, in the 24-h exposure, at least for the mixtures containing two to four PAHs. Thus, it cannot be ruled out that in the 24-h exposures, the tested PAH mixtures had slight synergistic effects. Further research is needed to identify and test additional AhR activating PAHs and investigate whether the effects in the H4IIE-luc bioassay are additive for more complex samples containing both PAHs and other AhR-activating contaminants. Also, the observed superinduction of luciferase by PAH-mixes warrants studies of whether this also can occur for relevant AhR-mediated endpoints in vivo.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure time–dependent effects on the relative potencies and additivity of PAHs in the Ah receptor‐based H4IIE‐luc bioassay

Larsson

Orbe

Engwall

2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…On the other hand, some chemicals that display clear in vitro mutagenicity in the Salmonella /microsome assay are devoid of carcinogenicity in rodent lifetime bioassays [13]. Balch et al [1] found mutagenicity of sediment extract fractions to be a poor indicator of carcinogenicity. The major reason for that may be the complexity of processes resulting in a carcinogenic response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect‐directed analysis of mutagens and ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase inducers in aquatic sediments

Brack

Schirmer

Erdinger

et al. 2005

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

130

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Sediment extracts from a creek in the Neckar river basin (Germany), which received the discharge of treated hospital wastewater, were found to exhibit strong aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-mediated effects in a rainbow trout liver cell line (RTL-WI) as well as high mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome assay after fractionation. The crude extract did not exhibit a clear mutagenic response. Apparently, cleanup or fractionation before mutagenicity testing is necessary to minimize the risk of false-negative results. Effect-directed fractionation and analysis were applied to characterize and identify the toxicants that cause these effects. Major ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase induction potency and mutagenicity were detected in different polyaromatic fractions, indicating different sets of toxicants that induce metabolic activation and mutagenicity. Dioxin-like halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, including polychlorinated biphenyls, naphthalenes, dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans, and priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, contributed to Ah receptor-mediated activity only to a minor extent. Benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]fluoranthene, and perylene could be confirmed as important contributors to mutagenicity. The nonpriority pollutants 11H-indeno[2,1,7-cde]pyrene, a methylbenzo[e]pyrene, and a methylperylene were tentatively identified as major components, representing 82% of the peak area of a highly mutagenic fraction of the sediment extract. This suggests that hazard and risk assessment of complex environmental mixtures should make increasing attempts to identify and consider hazardous key pollutants rather than focusing on a priori-selected key pollutants alone.

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“…As examples, several researchers have identified carcinogenic effects (e.g. Balch et al . 1995), impairment of reproductive capacity and impacts to the structure and health of indigenous biota (Kubiak et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of a sewage treatment plant's effluent on sediment quality in a small bay in Lake Geneva (Switzerland–France). Part 1: Spatial distribution of contaminants and the potential for biological impacts

et al. 2004

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The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of bottom sediment collected in the Bay of Vidy (Lake Geneva, Switzerland) which receives sewage treatment plant discharges from the city of Lausanne and its surroundings. Thirty-eight sediment samples were taken, forming a dense network. Samples of that portion of the sediment that has accumulated since phosphorus removal (via iron precipitation) was instituted at the plant in 1971 were analysed for heavy metals, nutrients and organic micropollutants and subjected to Microtox toxicity evaluation (organic extract). The distribution patterns of contaminants, as well as principal components analysis, demonstrated that the sewage treatment plant's effluent is the main source of local sediment contamination. This was not supported by the Microtox results. In close proximity to the outlet pipe of the sewage treatment plant, contaminants showed very high median concentrations for virtually all the parameters measured, at levels above those believed to elicit biological responses. A major environmental impact is clearly occurring in this coastal region of the lake and remediation of this situation is believed to be important in order to protect the Lake Geneva ecosystem

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Identification of Potential Fish Carcinogens in Sediment From Hamilton Harbour, Ontario, Canada

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Exposure time–dependent effects on the relative potencies and additivity of PAHs in the Ah receptor‐based H4IIE‐luc bioassay

Exposure time–dependent effects on the relative potencies and additivity of PAHs in the Ah receptor‐based H4IIE‐luc bioassay

Effect‐directed analysis of mutagens and ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase inducers in aquatic sediments

The impact of a sewage treatment plant's effluent on sediment quality in a small bay in Lake Geneva (Switzerland–France). Part 1: Spatial distribution of contaminants and the potential for biological impacts

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