Identification of Poly(
 cis
 -1,4-Isoprene) Degradation Intermediates during Growth of Moderately Thermophilic Actinomycetes on Rubber and Cloning of a Functional
 lcp
 Homologue from
 Nocardia farcinica
 Strain E1

Ibrahim, Ebaid M. A.; Arenskötter, Matthias; Luftmann, Heinrich; Steinbüchel, Alexander

doi:10.1128/aem.72.5.3375-3382.2006

Cited by 83 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…2-Oxo-4,8-dimethyltrideca-4,8-diene-1-al (ODTD) is the major rubber degradation product of all biochemically characterized RoxAs. Investigation of rubber degradation by Gram-positive species in A. Steinbüchel=s group led to the identification of a second type of rubber oxygenase (named latex clearing protein [Lcp]) (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Meanwhile the Lcps from species of four different genera (Streptomyces, Gordonia, Rhodococcus, and Nocardia) have been purified and biochemically characterized (19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

RoxB Is a Novel Type of Rubber Oxygenase That Combines Properties of Rubber Oxygenase RoxA and Latex Clearing Protein (Lcp)

Birke

Röther

Jendrossek

2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Only two types of rubber oxygenases, rubber oxygenase (RoxA) and latex clearing protein (Lcp), have been described so far. RoxA proteins (RoxAs) are c-type cytochromes of Ϸ70 kDa produced by Gram-negative rubber-degrading bacteria, and they cleave polyisoprene into 12-oxo-4,8-dimethyltrideca-4,8-diene-1-al (ODTD), a C 15 oligo-isoprenoid, as the major end product. Lcps are common among Gram-positive rubber degraders and do not share amino acid sequence similarities with RoxAs. Furthermore, Lcps have much smaller molecular masses (Ϸ40 kDa), are b-type cytochromes, and cleave polyisoprene to a mixture of C 20 , C 25 , C 30 , and higher oligo-isoprenoids as end products. In this article, we purified a new type of rubber oxygenase, RoxB Xsp (RoxB of Xanthomonas sp. strain 35Y). RoxB Xsp is distantly related to RoxAs and resembles RoxAs with respect to molecular mass (70.3 kDa for mature protein) and cofactor content (2 c-type hemes). However, RoxB Xsp differs from all currently known RoxAs in having a distinctive product spectrum of C 20 , C 25 , C 30 , and higher oligo-isoprenoids that has been observed only for Lcps so far. Purified RoxB Xsp revealed the highest specific activity of 4.5 U/mg (at 23°C) of all currently known rubber oxygenases and exerts a synergistic effect on the efficiency of polyisoprene cleavage by RoxA Xsp . RoxB homologs were identified in several other Gram-negative rubber-degrading species, pointing to a prominent function of RoxB for the biodegradation of rubber in Gram-negative bacteria.IMPORTANCE The enzymatic cleavage of rubber (polyisoprene) is of high environmental importance given that enormous amounts of rubber waste materials are permanently released (e.g., by abrasion of tires). Research from the last decade has discovered rubber oxygenase A, RoxA, and latex clearing protein (Lcp) as being responsible for the primary enzymatic attack on the hydrophobic and waterinsoluble biopolymer poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) in Gram-negative and Gram-positive rubber-degrading bacteria, respectively. Here, we provide evidence that a third type of rubber oxygenase is present in Gram-negative rubber-degrading species. Due to its characteristics, we suggest the designation RoxB for the new type of rubber oxygenase. Bioinformatic analysis of genome sequences indicates the presence of roxB homologs in other Gram-negative rubber degraders.KEYWORDS rubber oxygenase, latex clearing protein, polyisoprene, biodegradation, heme dioxygenase, dioxygenases M aterials that contain or consist completely of rubber [poly(cis-1,4-isoprene)] have been in use by mankind for more than 100 years at an industrial scale. Most of the rubber materials are released into the environment after use. In particular, small rubber particles liberated from car tires by abrasion contribute to a constant supply of rubber to many ecosystems on earth. Therefore, it is not astonishing that rubber-degrading microorganisms are widely distributed, and several research reports have described the

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

RoxB Is a Novel Type of Rubber Oxygenase That Combines Properties of Rubber Oxygenase RoxA and Latex Clearing Protein (Lcp)

Birke

Röther

Jendrossek

2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…16S rRNA gene amplication, and nucleotide sequencing analysis were performed as described in previous studies [4], [6]. Sequences were aligned with published sequence in Genbank database using the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) at the National Center of Biotechnology Information.…”

Section: Determination Of 16s Rrna Gene Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toal DNA of these strains were prepared as described by [1] with modifications were describled by [6]. 16S rRNA gene amplication, and nucleotide sequencing analysis were performed as described in previous studies [4], [6].…”

Section: Determination Of 16s Rrna Gene Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Member of the second group do not produce clearing-zones on latex overlay agar plate like Gordonia, Mycobaterium,and Nocardia. They are supposed to grow adhesively on the surface and extensively disintegrate of rubber particles [5], [6]. In this study, we screened and isolated natural rubber-degrading microorganisms from waste of Cam Thuy rubber processing factory including Streptomyces sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening of Natural Rubber-Degrading Microorganisms from Rubber Processing Factory Waste in Vietnam

Trang

Linh²,

Hương³

et al. 2013

Int J Waste Resources

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-Natural rubber-degrading microorganisms were isolated from waste of rubber processing factory in Cam Thuy of Vietnam. Four of them belong to Streptomyces sp. that showed the higher abilities for natural rubber degradation than the others. They are able to use both deproteinised natural rubber (DPNR) and synthetic rubber cis-1,4-polyisoprene (SR) as a sole source of carbon. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis revealed that these strains degraded DPNR and SR to low-molecular-weight products. The growth of isolates occurs essentiallyon the latex glove pieces after one month of incubation in mineral salt medium. The total nitrogen contents of glove pieces were determined using Kjeldahl method, which were 10-20 times higher than that in un-inoculated sample. Moreover, the degradation was also confirmed by observing the growth of isolates on glove's surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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“…Many other reports have been published on the biodegradation of natural rubber hydrocarbon as a sole carbon source by bacteria [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], fungi [13,23,24]. Several microbes were used to biodegrade Calotropis Procera latex [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of Natural Rubber Latex of Calotropis procera by Two Endophytic Fungal Species

Mohamed¹,

Ismail²,

Abdel‐Mageed³

et al. 2017

J Bioremediat Biodegrad

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IntroductionCalotropis is a small genus belonging to family Asclepiadaceae, Calotropis gigantea and C. procera are the two most common species in this genus used in traditional medicine, and only these two species are usually reported in literature [1], and are distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, and America [2][3][4][5].Calotropis procera (Ait) WT Aiton is a small wild-growing tropical plant, known by different names like sodom apple, usher, dead sea apple, swallow wort, and milk weed [6,7]. All parts of this plant have the ability to produce large quantities of latex when cut or broken [7][8][9].The plant latex could be separated after centrifugation into three layers: top layer containing Natural Rubber; middle layer of serum, and the bottom layer of lipids [9,10]. The chemical composition of latex is very complex, it contains (wt/wt) natural rubber poly (cis-1, 4-isoprene) 25 to 35%, which consider the main constituent of Natural rubber latex, and it is consisting of isoprene units C 5 H 8 in the cisconfiguration, a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon, with an average molecular weight about 10 6 Da [11][12][13].Natural Rubber is a basic material for manufacturing tires, latex gloves, condoms, seals, balloons, balls for sports and many other things [14]. Degradation potential of the microorganism is dependent upon colonization on natural rubber and accompanied by a loss in the weight of the rubber hydrocarbon and a decline in the relative viscosity of the polymer solution [13].Many other reports have been published on the biodegradation of natural rubber hydrocarbon as a sole carbon source by bacteria [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], fungi [13,23,24]. Several microbes were used to biodegrade Calotropis Procera latex [25,26].The aim of this work is to assess the ability of mesophilic endophytic fungi isolated from Calotropis procera leaves and latex on sugar-free Czapek agar and to test their ability to metabolize and degrade rubber latex of C. procera as a sole carbon source. AbstractIn this study eight species related to Aspergillus (3 species), Fusarium (1), Penicillium (1), Emericella (1), Nigrospora (1) and trichoderma (1) were isolated from leaves and latex of Calotropis procera. Only P. chrysogenium and A. niger were able to grow on natural rubber but other species were not. The degrading ability of (Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger), isolated from latex of calotropis procera was assessed. The degradation of rubber latex was determined by measuring the increase in protein content of the fungus (mg/g dry wt), reduction in molecular weight (g/mol) and inherent viscosity (dl/g) of the latex. Moreover, the degradation was also confirmed by observing the growth of these species strain using scanning electron microscopy.

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Identification of Poly( cis -1,4-Isoprene) Degradation Intermediates during Growth of Moderately Thermophilic Actinomycetes on Rubber and Cloning of a Functional lcp Homologue from Nocardia farcinica Strain E1

Cited by 83 publications

References 19 publications

RoxB Is a Novel Type of Rubber Oxygenase That Combines Properties of Rubber Oxygenase RoxA and Latex Clearing Protein (Lcp)

RoxB Is a Novel Type of Rubber Oxygenase That Combines Properties of Rubber Oxygenase RoxA and Latex Clearing Protein (Lcp)

Screening of Natural Rubber-Degrading Microorganisms from Rubber Processing Factory Waste in Vietnam

Biodegradation of Natural Rubber Latex of Calotropis procera by Two Endophytic Fungal Species

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