Identification of Opportunistic Pathogenic Bacteria in Drinking Water Samples of Different Rural Health Centers and Their Clinical Impacts on Humans

Abstract

International drinking water quality monitoring programs have been established in order to prevent or to reduce the risk of contracting water-related infections. A survey was performed on groundwater-derived drinking water from 13 different hospitals in the Mahabubnagar District. A total of 55 bacterial strains were isolated which belonged to both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. All the taxa were identified based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis based on which they are phylogenetically close to 27 different taxa. Many of the strains are closely related to their phylogenetic neighbors and exhibit from 98.4 to 100% sequence similarity at the 16S rRNA gene sequence level. The most common group was similar to Acinetobacter junii (21.8%) and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (10.9%) which were shared by 7 and 5 water samples, respectively. Out of 55 isolates, only 3 isolates belonged to coliform group which are Citrobacter freundii and Pantoea anthophila. More than half (52.7%, 29 strains) of the phylogenetic neighbors which belonged to 12 groups were reported to be pathogenic and isolated from clinical specimens. Out of 27 representative taxa are affiliated have eight representative genera in drinking water except for those affiliated with the genera Exiguobacterium, Delftia, Kocuria, and Lysinibacillus.

Diversity, Physiochemical and Phylogenetic Analyses of Bacteria Isolated from Various Drinking Water Sources

“…Pindi et al17 reported similar results that phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the 21 Acinetobacter strains belonged to 4 groups, 9 Bacillus strains belonged to 7 groups, 8 Pseudomonas strains belonged to 3 groups, 7 Aeromonas strains belonged to 5 groups, and 2 Methylobacterium strains formed two distinct groups17,18 which indicated the originality and authenticity of our study data.…”

Antibiotic resistance assessment in bacteria isolated in migratory Passeriformes transiting through the Metaponto territory (Basilicata, Italy)

“…Several of the isolated bacteria, such as K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Providencia spp. and Citrobacter spp., are known to cause diseases in avian species, as well as in mammals and humans (Reslinski et al 2005;Pindi et al 2013).…”

“…The intake of water polluted with faeces or human waste and the acquisition via food seem to be the sources of transmission of resistant bacteria of human and veterinary origin to wild birds (Reed et al 2003;Pindi et al 2013;Pinto et al 2015). Birds not only acquire pathogens from the environment, but also return them via excretion, potentially facilitating the dissemination of pathogenic organisms to both humans and other animals, especially through water (Benskin et al 2009;Wellington et al 2013).…”

Investigation of Sewage and Drinking Water in Major Healthcare Centres for Bacterial and Viral Pathogens

“…Inadequate access to clean water, inappropriate water treatment and bad sanitation systems is one of the most pervasive issues distressing people throughout the globe, causing waterborne infectious diseases, cause approximately 10 million deaths per year [3,20,21]. Human health is prone to microbial risks caused by enteric viruses and bacteria [22].…”