International audienceThe present work addresses the question of performing inverse rheometry and basal properties inferencefor pseudoplastic gravity-driven free-surface flows at low Reynolds’ number. The modeling of these flowsinvolves several parameters, such as the rheological ones or the state of the basal boundary (modeling aninterface between the base and the fluid). The issues of inverse rheometry are addressed in a generallaboratory flow context using surface velocity data. The inverse characterization of the basal boundary isproposed in a geophysical flow context where the parameters involved in the empirical effective slidinglaw are particularly difficult to estimate. Using an accurate direct and inverse model based on the adjointmethod combined with an original efficient solver, sensitivity analyses and parameter identification areperformed for a wide range of flow regimes, defined by the degree of slip and the non-linearity of theviscous sliding law considered at the bottom.The first result is the numerical assessment of the passive aspect of the viscosity singularity inherentto a power-law pseudoplastic (shear-thinning) description in terms of surface velocities. From this result,identification of the two parameters of the constitutive law, namely the power-law exponent and the con-sistency, are performed. These numerical experiments provide, on the one hand, a very robust identifica-tion of the power-law exponent, even for very noisy surface velocity observations and on the other hand, astrong equifinality problem on the identification of the consistency. This parameter has a minor influenceon the flow, in terms of surface velocities. Typically for temperature-dependent geophysical fluids, a lawdescribing a priori its spatial variability is then sufficient (e.g. based on a temperature vertical profile).This study then focuses on the basal properties interacting with the fluid rheology. An accuratejoint identification of the scalar valued triple ( n , m ; β) (respectively the rheological exponent, the nonlinear friction exponent and the friction coefficient) is achieved for any degree of slip, allowing tocompletely infer the flow regime. Next, in a geophysical flow context, identifications of a spatially varyingfriction coefficient are performed for various perturbed bedrock topography. The (2D-vertical) resultsdemonstrate a severely ill-posed problem that allows to compute a given set of surface velocity data withdifferent topography/friction pairs