Identification of central nervous system neurons that innervate the bladder body, bladder base, or external urethral sphincter of female rats: A transneuronal tracing study using pseudorabies virus

Marson, Lesley

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19971229)389:4<584::aid-cne4>3.0.co;2-x

Cited by 131 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…Also, in the cat, Gjone [10] reported the existence of two pathways within the hypothalamus that could influence bladder function: a dorsolateral vesicoconstrictor pathway and a ventromedial inhibitory pathway. These data are supported by anatomical studies that show neuronal connections between HDA and the pontine regions that control urinary bladder function [3,15].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Anatomical and electrophysiological studies have provided evidence for a close modulation of reflexes with origin in the cardiovascular system and in the urinary bladder [5,15,26]. During heart ischemia, occasional association with urgency to micturate has been described, but the level of integration between the depressor reflexes arising from the heart and urinary bladder function is not yet well defined [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of stimulation of anterior hypothalamic area on urinary bladder function of the anesthetized rat

Rocha¹,

Silva-Carvalho²,

Spyer

2004

Clin Auton Res

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The hypothalamus is a key area for the integration of the autonomic features of affective behavior. Hypothalamic defence area (HDA) stimulation evokes major cardiorespiratory changes as well as modifications of general autonomic activity both in the anesthetized and conscious animal. Micturition is due to an increase in pelvic parasympathetic activity and, in the cat, the anterior hypothalamus has been implicated in urinary bladder control with the demonstration of a dorsolateral vesicoconstrictor pathway and a ventromedial inhibitory pathway. In this study we have investigated the effect of electrical and chemical stimulation of the HDA on bladder pressure and contractions in rat. Female rats (n = 15) were anesthetized, paralyzed and ventilated artificially. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, urinary bladder pressure and pelvic nerve activity were recorded. HDA was electrically (1 ms, 100 Hz, 5-10 s train at intensities up to 150 micro A) and chemically (sodium glutamate, 50 nl, 2mM) stimulated. For statistical analysis the t-test was used, data were expressed as mean +/- SEM. Values of t were taken as significant when p < 0.05.HDA stimulation at 100-150 micro A evoked changes of both mean blood pressure (mBP) and bladder pressure (BlP). However, stimulation at < 30 micro A allowed a distinction within HDA of two different regions, at the same antero-posterior and lateral level, but separated 100-150 micro m in depth, which evoked differential effects on blood pressure and urinary bladder pressure. Results show that low intensity stimulation at ventral sites evoked a significant increase of mBP (from 102 +/- 5.9 to 127 +/- 8.6 mmHg, n = 10, p < 0.0001) with little changes of BlP (from 12 +/- 2.2 to 16 +/- 2.9 cmH(2)O, n = 10, p < 0.0005), whilst at more dorsal sites significant increases of BlP were elicited (from 12 +/- 8.3 to 38 +/- 4.6 cmH(2)O,n = 10, p < 0.0001) with only a small rise of mBP (from 102 +/- 6.2 to 111 +/- 9.8 mmHg, n = 10, p < 0.005). Glutamate injections at dorsal sites evoked a rise of BlP (from 11 +/- 2.2 to 30 +/- 3.0 cmH(2)O (n = 5; p < 0.0001) with small changes in BP, whilst at ventral sites (n = 4) glutamate microinjections evoked changes in BP but not of BlP. In conclusion stimulation at different sites within HDA can elicit separate changes in BP and BlP.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of stimulation of anterior hypothalamic area on urinary bladder function of the anesthetized rat

Rocha¹,

Silva-Carvalho²,

Spyer

2004

Clin Auton Res

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“…There is considerable overlap in the distribution of lower urinary tract-, reproductive-and gastrointestinalrelated preganglionic neurons in the SPN of the lumbosacral spinal cord. Thus, preganglionic neurons that innervate postganglionic urinary bladder (Nadelhaft and Vera 1995;Marson 1997), colon (Vizzard et al 2000a), or urethral cells in the MPG are all possibilities as are reproductive related preganglionic neurons (Marson et al 1993;Puder and Papka 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barrington's nucleus has historically been viewed as the supraspinal switching center that regulates storage and elimination of urine (Satoh et al 1978;Loewy et al 1979;Noto et al 1989). More recent studies have led to the suggestion that Barrington's nucleus may contain neurons that control a broad range of pelvic organ functions, not exclusively micturition (Vincent and Satoh 1984b;Marson et al 1993;Marson 1997;Pavcovich et al 1998;Rouzade-Dominguez et al 2003). Numerous neurons in Barrington's nucleus express CRF-immunoreactivity (IR) and CRF-IR is used to identify Barrington's nucleus (Vincent and Satoh 1984b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) expression in postnatal and adult rat sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN)

Studeny

Vizzard

2005

Cell Tissue Res

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The neural control of micturition undergoes marked changes during the early postnatal development. During the first few postnatal weeks, the spinal micturition reflex is gradually replaced by a spinobulbospinal reflex pathway that is responsible for micturition in adult animals. Upregulation of brainstem regulation of spinal micturition pathways may contribute to development of mature voiding patterns. We examined the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), present in descending projections from Barrington's nucleus to the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN), in postnatal (P0-P36) and adult Wistar rats (P60-90). CRF-immunoreactivity (IR) was present predominantly in the SPN region, although some staining was also observed in the dorsal horn and dorsal commissure in L5-S1 spinal segments. CRF-IR in spinal cord regions was age dependent (R2=0.87-0.98). The majority of the CRF-IR in the lumbosacral spinal cord was eliminated by complete spinalization (2-3 weeks). Double-label immunohistochemistry was combined with quantitative confocal laser scanning microscopy to quantify the number and percentage of colocalization between CRF-immunoreactive varicosities and preganglionic somas or proximal neurites in the SPN in postnatal and adult rats. Results demonstrate an age-dependent upregulation of CRF-IR in the SPN region and specifically in association with preganglionic parasympathetic neurons identified with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-IR. CRF-immunoreactive varicosities on or within a 1 microm perimeter of nNOS-immunoreactive somas or proximal neurites also increased with postnatal age. The upregulation of CRF-IR in bulbospinal projections to the SPN may contribute to mature voiding reflexes.

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“…Third, it is present in newborn infants, in whom the geniculostriate pathways are not yet developed 6 . Fourth, it is generated asymmetrically in temporal and nasal visual fields 7 , suggesting retinotecal mediation 8,9,10 .…”

Section: Correspondence Should Be Addressed To Ah (Henik@bgumailbgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suprachiasmatic nucleus: a central autonomic clock

et al. 1999

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Circadian rhythms are daily changes in behavior and physiology produced by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) even in the absence of external stimuli 1 , although photic input from the retina to the SCN entrains these changes to a 24-hour cycle. The SCN modulates autonomic and neuroendocrine function to prepare for diurnal or nocturnal changes in behavior, but its precise connections to the autonomic nervous system are unknown. We used viral transneuronal labeling 2 to demonstrate extensive connections of the SCN with diverse types of sympathetic as well as parasympathetic motor systems. Double-virus transneuronal tracing showed connections of single SCN neurons to multiple autonomic systems. However, targets of SCN modulation seem limited to those that operate continuously under tonic, rather than phasic, control.To demonstrate that the SCN is connected to all the major sympathetic outflow systems via a multisynaptic pathway 3-5 , we first used an attenuated pig herpesvirus, the Bartha strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV), as a retrograde transneuronal tracer ( Fig. 1). In 4 separate experiments using 49 rats, the superior cervical ganglion, stellate ganglion, adrenal gland or celiac ganglion was injected with PRV. In the celiac experiments, the vagus was sectioned below the diaphragm before PRV injections to prevent labeling of the central vagal motor system. After five to eight days, the rats were anesthetized and perfused with fixative; their brains were subsequently processed for two-color immunohistochemistry to demonstrate PRV and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in single neurons 6 . PRV infection was seen first in the dorsomedial SCN region, generally within five to six days of injection, but only after seven days in the celiac ganglion experiments. About 20% of infected neurons were AVP positive ( Fig. 1). One day later, infection spread to the ventrolateral SCN. Control intravenous PRV injections with comparable viral dosage and postinjection times did not result in SCN labeling (n = 33). Overall, these results indicate that the SCN connects with extensive and diverse types of sympathetic motor systems.Second, SCN cytochemistry was studied to establish participation of specific neuronal phenotypes in circadian cardiosympathetic regulation. Each rat (n = 12), received a PRV injection into the stellate ganglion, the main sympathetic ganglion innervating the heart; 5 days later, its lateral cerebral ventricle was injected with 100 µg of colchicine in 10 µl of saline to enhance neuropeptide accumulation in central neurons for better immunohistochemical detection. One day later, each rat was perfused. Subsequently, brain sections through the SCN were immunostained for PRV and one of four neuropeptides, AVP, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin or gastrin releasing peptide (GRP). AVP neurons were labeled during the early stage of SCN infection. When the infection spread into the ventrolateral SCN, ∼3% of the VIP-, ∼10% of the somatostatinand ∼4% of the GRP-labeled neuronal populations were labeled. B...

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Identification of central nervous system neurons that innervate the bladder body, bladder base, or external urethral sphincter of female rats: A transneuronal tracing study using pseudorabies virus

Cited by 131 publications

References 65 publications

Effect of stimulation of anterior hypothalamic area on urinary bladder function of the anesthetized rat

Effect of stimulation of anterior hypothalamic area on urinary bladder function of the anesthetized rat

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) expression in postnatal and adult rat sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN)

Suprachiasmatic nucleus: a central autonomic clock

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