Identification of an Australian-like dicot-infecting mastrevirus in Pakistan

Abstract

Although members of five distinct viral species in the genus Mastrevirus (family Geminiviridae) infect dicotyledonous plants in Australia, in the remainder of the world, only a single dicot-infecting mastrevirus, chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) has ever been identified. This virus has been found infecting leguminous hosts in Africa, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. To further explore the diversity of CpCDV in Pakistan, ten full mastrevirus genome sequences from chickpea and lentil plants were determined. Eight of these genomes were from previously described CpCDV strains and included the first reported strain D and H isolates in Pakistan. Two other genomes derived from infected chickpea plants are more closely related to dicot-infecting mastreviruses found in Australia than they are to CpCDV. These two divergent genomes shared less than 75 % genome-wide nucleotide sequence identity with other characterised mastreviruses and therefore are likely to belong to a second species of dicot-infecting mastreviruses outside of Australia. We propose naming this species Chickpea yellow dwarf virus. We discuss how the presence of chickpea yellow dwarf virus (CpYDV) in Pakistan weakens the hypothesis that Australia is the geographical origin of the dicot-infecting mastreviruses.

Molecular diversity of Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus in Sudan: High rates of intra-species recombination – a driving force in the emergence of new strains

“…48 Additionally we identified four new strains (CpCDV-M, -N, -O and -P) and show that recombination 49 has played a significant role in the diversification of CpCDV, at least in this region. Accounting for 50 observed recombination events, we use the large amounts of data generated here to compare patterns (Kraberger et al, 2015). Whereas CpCDV has 86 been found in the Middle East (including Turkey), Africa and the 87 Indian subcontinent, CpYDV has so-far only been found in Pakistan.…”

First genome analysis and molecular characterization of Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus Egyptian isolate infecting squash

“…Despite the huge effect of CSD and their wide distribution, very few species has been identified like in Sudan and Pakistan [24], and another three identified in possibly new species Australia [41]. Also the CpCDV from Syria has been directly identified after these new species [33].…”

Diversity and occurrence of chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus on legumes from Iran

“…Most of the mastrevirus species infect monocotyledonous hosts, while viruses belonging to seven mastrevirus species infect dicotyledonous hosts. Five of the dicot‐infecting mastreviruses have only been described in Australia: chickpea chlorosis virus (CpCV), chickpea chlorosis Australia virus (CpCAV), chickpea redleaf virus (CpRLV), chickpea yellows virus (CpYV) and tobacco yellow dwarf virus (TYDV) (Hadfield et al , ; Kraberger et al , , ; Kvarnheden et al , ). Chickpea yellow dwarf virus has been identified in Pakistan (Kraberger et al , ), while chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) has been found in many regions including the Middle East (Iran, Oman, Yemen, Syria and Turkey), Africa (Morocco, Sudan, South Africa, Egypt, Tunisia, Nigeria and Burkina Faso) and the Indian subcontinent (India and Pakistan) (Kraberger et al , ; Kanakala & Kuria, ).…”