Identification of an algal xylan synthase indicates that there is functional orthology between algal and plant cell wall biosynthesis

Jensen, Jacob Krüger; Busse‐Wicher, Marta; Poulsen, Carsten Stig; Fangel, Jonatan U.; Smith, Peter James; Yang, Jinyan; Peña, María J.; Dinesen, Malene; Martens, Helle Juel; Melkonian, Michael; Wong, Gane Ka‐Shu; Moremen, Kelley W.; Wilkerson, Curtis G.; Scheller, Henrik Vibe; Dupree, Paul; Ulvskov, Peter; Urbanowicz, Breeanna R.; Harholt, Jesper

doi:10.1111/nph.15050

Cited by 62 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…It is likely that mannan performs the function of cellulose in M. viride and may be restricted to a putative zygotic stage. Xyloglucan and xylan presumably evolved later (in either the common ancestor of K. nitens and other streptophytes or in the ancestor of derived streptophyte algae 12,48,49 ). In summary, M. viride and C. atmophyticus differ considerably in their CAZymes, as expected from variation in their cellular organization, life history and habitats, but also from later-diverging streptophyte algae such as K. nitens.…”

Section: Nature Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomes of early-diverging streptophyte algae shed light on plant terrestrialization

et al. 2019

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Mounting evidence suggests that terrestrialization of plants started in streptophyte green algae, favoured by their dual existence in freshwater and subaerial/terrestrial environments. Here, we present the genomes of Mesostigma viride and Chlorokybus atmophyticus, two sister taxa in the earliest-diverging clade of streptophyte algae dwelling in freshwater and subaerial/terrestrial environments, respectively. We provide evidence that the common ancestor of M. viride and C. atmophyticus (and thus of streptophytes) had already developed traits associated with a subaerial/terrestrial environment, such as embryophyte-type photorespiration, canonical plant phytochrome, several phytohormones and transcription factors involved in responses to environmental stresses, and evolution of cellulose synthase and cellulose synthase-like genes characteristic of embryophytes. Both genomes differed markedly in genome size and structure, and in gene family composition, revealing their dynamic nature, presumably in response to adaptations to their contrasting environments. The ancestor of M. viride possibly lost several genomic traits associated with a subaerial/terrestrial environment following transition to a freshwater habitat.

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Section: Nature Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomes of early-diverging streptophyte algae shed light on plant terrestrialization

et al. 2019

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“…Such orthologous proteins are generally known to perform analogous biological functions and are widely distributed in diverse species (Schlicker et al, 2006). Phylogenetic analysis is a rapid and relatively accurate method to identify orthologous proteins (Bauwens et al, 2018;Jensen et al, 2018). Consequently, we constructed a phylogenetic tree for AlkBH proteins based on sequence similarity using MEGA6.0 and the neighbourjoining (NJ) method was adopted with 1000 bootstrap replications (Kumar et al, 2008).…”

Section: Evolution Of M6a Methylation Components In the Plant Kingdommentioning

confidence: 99%

N6‐methyladenosine regulatory machinery in plants: composition, function and evolution

Yue

Nie

Yan

2019

Plant Biotechnology Journal

152

135

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Summary N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation, one of the most pivotal internal modifications of RNA , is a conserved post‐transcriptional mechanism to enrich and regulate genetic information in eukaryotes. The scope and function of this modification in plants has been an intense focus of study, especially in model plant systems. The characterization of plant m6A writers, erasers and readers, as well as the elucidation of their functions, is currently one of the most fascinating hotspots in plant biology research. The functional analysis of m6A in plants will be booming in the foreseeable future, which could contribute to crop genetic improvement through epitranscriptome manipulation. In this review, we systematically analysed and summarized recent advances in the understanding of the structure and composition of plant m6A regulatory machinery, and the biological functions of m6A in plant growth, development and stress response. Finally, our analysis showed that the evolutionary relationships between m6A modification components were highly conserved across the plant kingdom.

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“…Recombinant Arabidopsis IRX10 and IRX10L proteins and their orthologs from moss and algae expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells or yeast exhibit xylosyltransferase activities capable of transferring Xyl from UDP‐Xyl onto xylooligomers, leading to the proposal that IRX10 and IRX10L are xylan synthases (Jensen et al ., , ; Urbanowicz et al ., ). Although microsomes from tobacco BY2 cells coexpressing Arabidopsis IRX9 and IRX14 showed xylan xylosyltransferase activities (Lee et al ., ), recombinant IRX9 and IRX14 proteins expressed in HEK293 cells did not (Urbanowicz et al ., ).…”

Section: Xylan Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary cell wall biosynthesis

2018

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Contents Summary1703I.Introduction1703II.Cellulose biosynthesis1705III.Xylan biosynthesis1709IV.Glucomannan biosynthesis1713V.Lignin biosynthesis1714VI.Concluding remarks1717Acknowledgements1717References1717 Summary Secondary walls are synthesized in specialized cells, such as tracheary elements and fibers, and their remarkable strength and rigidity provide strong mechanical support to the cells and the plant body. The main components of secondary walls are cellulose, xylan, glucomannan and lignin. Biochemical, molecular and genetic studies have led to the discovery of most of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary wall components. Cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthase complexes in the plasma membrane and the recent success of in vitro synthesis of cellulose microfibrils by a single recombinant cellulose synthase isoform reconstituted into proteoliposomes opens new doors to further investigate the structure and functions of cellulose synthase complexes. Most genes involved in the glycosyl backbone synthesis, glycosyl substitutions and acetylation of xylan and glucomannan have been genetically characterized and the biochemical properties of some of their encoded enzymes have been investigated. The genes and their encoded enzymes participating in monolignol biosynthesis and modification have been extensively studied both genetically and biochemically. A full understanding of how secondary wall components are synthesized will ultimately enable us to produce plants with custom‐designed secondary wall composition tailored to diverse applications.

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Identification of an algal xylan synthase indicates that there is functional orthology between algal and plant cell wall biosynthesis

Cited by 62 publications

References 55 publications

Genomes of early-diverging streptophyte algae shed light on plant terrestrialization

Genomes of early-diverging streptophyte algae shed light on plant terrestrialization

N6‐methyladenosine regulatory machinery in plants: composition, function and evolution

Secondary cell wall biosynthesis

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