Identification of a novel simian parvovirus in cynomolgus monkeys with severe anemia. A paradigm of human B19 parvovirus infection.

O’Sullivan, M. Gerard; Anderson, Daniel C.; Fikes, James; Bain, Fairfield T.; Carlson, Cathy S.; Green, S W; Young, Neal S.; Brown, Kevin E.

doi:10.1172/jci117136

Cited by 72 publications

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References 17 publications

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“…Serum from a viremic cynomolgus monkey was used as a source of SPV (14). A total of 10 6 UT-7/Epo-S1 cells, collected in 0.5 ml of RPMI with 10% FCS and 1 U of erythropoietin/ml, were incubated with 50 l of SPV serum for 2 h at 4°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This group includes the human erythroviruses, represented by human B19 virus (B19) (27) and its variants V9 (26) and A6 (13), and the nonhuman primate erythroviruses simian parvovirus (SPV) (14), pig-tailed macaque parvovirus (8), rhesus parvovirus (8) and, possibly, the chipmunk parvovirus (32). SPV was initially isolated from cynomolgus monkeys (14) and is remarkably similar to the human B19 parvovirus, exhibiting a predilection for host bone marrow in vitro and the ability to cause serious anemia in some infected animals (15,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the Transcription Profile of Simian Parvovirus with That of the Human Erythrovirus B19 Reveals a Number of Unique Features

Liu

Qiu

Cheng

et al. 2004

J Virol

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Simian parvovirus (SPV) is a member of the genus Erythrovirus and is closely related to the human parvovirus B19. Natural and experimental infection of monkeys with SPV resembles B19 infection of human.We report a detailed characterization of the viral RNAs and proteins generated following transfection of cloned SPV into COS cells and SPV infection of the human erythroid progenitor line UT-7/Epo-S1. SPV and B19 are 50% identical at the nucleotide level, and although their basic transcription and protein expression profiles were generally similar, there were also significant differences. SPV pre-mRNAs contain three introns, compared to two found for B19: an additional intron was found within the capsid-coding region. RNAs in which this intron was spliced were abundant and encoded the SPV 14-kDa protein (analogous to the B19 11-kDa protein), which initiated at an AUG in the exon preceding the third intron. Unlike B19, SPV RNAs were also spliced between the donor of the first intron and the acceptor of the second intron. The third intron was additionally spliced from a portion of these molecules; these mRNAs encoded the 14-kDa protein. A portion was not spliced further and encoded VP2. Like B19, SPV has a polyadenylation signal [AAUAAA (pA)p] in the middle of the genome, which directed efficient polyadenylation of both spliced and unspliced mRNAs (encoding a putative 10-kDa protein, analogous to the B19 7.5-kDa protein, and SPV NS1, respectively). The 14-kDa protein was localized to both in the nucleus and cytoplasm.Autonomous parvoviruses with tropism for erythroid cells are classified as erythroviruses. This group includes the human erythroviruses, represented by human B19 virus (B19) (27) and its variants V9 (26) and A6 (13), and the nonhuman primate erythroviruses simian parvovirus (SPV) (14), pig-tailed macaque parvovirus (8), rhesus parvovirus (8) and, possibly, the chipmunk parvovirus (32). SPV was initially isolated from cynomolgus monkeys (14) and is remarkably similar to the human B19 parvovirus, exhibiting a predilection for host bone marrow in vitro and the ability to cause serious anemia in some infected animals (15, 16).SPV has a single-stranded genome of approximately 5,600 nucleotides (nt) (3), and its nucleotide sequence, except for its inverted terminal repeats, has been determined. Comparison of the SPV sequence with that of other parvoviruses shows 50% overall homology with parvovirus B19 (27). At the protein level, there is approximately 70% homology with B19 capsid proteins and 50% homology with B19 NS proteins (3). SPV has been cultured in vivo in both human and monkey bone marrow cells and in the human erythroid progenitor cell lines UT-7/ Epo-S1 and KU812Ep6 (4), albeit with low infectivity. Similar to the organization of B19, SPV has two large open reading frames (ORFs) in either half of the genome. The left ORF encodes the nonstructural NS1 protein, and the right ORF encodes the two capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 (3, 31). Expression of the VP2 ORF of SPV results in the generation of virus-li...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Transcription Profile of Simian Parvovirus with That of the Human Erythrovirus B19 Reveals a Number of Unique Features

Liu

Qiu

Cheng

et al. 2004

J Virol

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SPV was purified from a viremic cynomolgus monkey in the original outbreak investigated by O'Sullivan et al (20). Purification was achieved by ultracentrifugation of viremic serum through a sucrose gradient, followed by resuspension in phosphate-buffered saline (20). This material was used to inoculate adult cynomolgus monkeys by the intravenous route (21) and the fetuses of pregnant females by the intramuscular route (M. G. OSullivan, J. C. Veille, W. A.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Splice Junction Map of Simian Parvovirus Transcripts

Vashisht

Faaberg

Aber

et al. 2004

J Virol

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The transcription map of simian parvovirus (SPV), an Erythrovirus similar to Parvovirus B19, was investigated. RNA was extracted from tissues of experimentally infected cynomolgus macaques and subjected to reverse transcription-PCR with SPV-specific primers. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced to identify splice junctions. A total of 14 distinct sequences were identified as putative partial transcripts. Of these, 13 were spliced; a single unspliced transcript putatively encoded NS1. Sequence analysis revealed that spliced partial transcripts may encode portions of open reading frames for the major capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 and smaller, unknown proteins. These unspliced and spliced transcripts and putative proteins encoded by SPV were similar to those of B19. Initial splice junctions at nucleotides 279 and 333 were analogous to those at nucleotides 406 and 441, respectively, in B19. Seven of the 10 splices identified had typical GT/AG donor/ acceptor junctions. The splice sites were confirmed by Northern blotting and autoradiography. In contrast to B19, which has a maximum of two splices per transcript, up to three splices were observed in SPV transcripts. A spliced transcript putatively encoding a truncated version of NS1, as seen with minute virus of mice and adeno-associated virus 2, was also observed. The findings indicate that that the splicing pattern of transcripts of SPV and B19 is similar, but SPV also has coding strategies in common with other parvoviruses.Simian parvovirus (SPV) was first identified in cynomolgus macaques suffering from severe anemia as a consequence of erythroid cell destruction (20). These animals were immunosuppressed due to a concurrent infection with type D simian retrovirus (22). Clinically, this was similar to cases of human infection with parvovirus B19, which is responsible for causing transient aplastic crisis in individuals with underlying hemolysis and red cell aplasia in immunosuppressed individuals, such as AIDS patients (9,22). B19 infection also results in hydrops fetalis and fetal death in pregnant women (9), sequelae also observed with experimental SPV infection in pregnant female cynomolgus macaques (M. G. O'Sullivan, J. C. Veille, W. A. Block, A. R. Turner, N. S. Young, and K. E. Brown, Abstr. 17th Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. Virol., abstr. W22-9, 1998).SPV was classified as a parvovirus considering molecular similarities to other parvoviruses, i.e., adeno-associated virus 2 (prototype dependovirus), the autonomous parvoviruses (the prototype being minute virus of mice), and parvovirus B19 (prototype erythrovirus). In general, members of the subfamily Parvovirinae have a small genome of about 5 kb composed of single-stranded DNA with terminal palindromic sequences that serve as primers for the synthesis of the complementary strand. Only the positive strand of these viruses encodes proteins, suggesting that the positive-sense mRNA is transcribed from the minus-strand genomic DNA (3). To maximize the coding capacity, a number of promoters and all three reading frame...

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The Simian Parvoviruses

Brown

Young

1997

Rev. Med. Virol.

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Autonomous parvoviruses with tropism for erythroid cells have recently been reclassified in a new genus, erythrovirus. Although B19 is the type member, and presently the only internationally accepted member of the erythrovirus genus, we have identified three new simian viruses, all of which have the molecular features of parvoviruses, and are highly tropic for erythroid progenitor cells. This review describes the identification of these new animal parvoviruses and summarises current knowledge of their molecular, clinical and epidemiological features. Most studies have been performed with the first virus discovered, simian parvovirus (SPV), which was isolated from anaemic cynomolgus monkeys. SPV is currently under investigation as an animal model for B19 parvovirus infection. Clinical similarities and molecular homology to parvovirus B19 justify the inclusion of these novel viruses as new members of the erythrovirus genus. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Identification of a novel simian parvovirus in cynomolgus monkeys with severe anemia. A paradigm of human B19 parvovirus infection.

Cited by 72 publications

References 17 publications

Comparison of the Transcription Profile of Simian Parvovirus with That of the Human Erythrovirus B19 Reveals a Number of Unique Features

Comparison of the Transcription Profile of Simian Parvovirus with That of the Human Erythrovirus B19 Reveals a Number of Unique Features

Splice Junction Map of Simian Parvovirus Transcripts

The Simian Parvoviruses

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