Identification and Validation of Invasion-Related Molecular Subtypes and Prognostic Features for Cervical Cancer

Abstract

Background. As one of the main causes leading to female cancer deaths, cervical cancer shows malignant features of local infiltration and invasion into adjacent organs and tissues. This study was designed to categorize novel molecular subtypes according to cervical cancer invasion and screen reliable prognostic markers. Methods. Invasion-related gene sets and expression profiles of invasion-related genes were collected from the CancerSEA database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), respectively. Samples were clustered by nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) to obtain different molecular subgroups, immune microenvironment characteristics of which were further systematically compared. Limma was employed to screen differentially expressed gene sets in different subtypes, followed by Lasso analysis for dimension reduction. Multivariate and univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine prognostic characteristics. The Kaplan-Meier test showed the prognostic differences of patients with different risks. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to validate the prognostic model performance. A nomogram model was developed using clinical and prognostic characteristics of cervical cancer, and its prediction accuracy was reflected by calibration curve. Results. This study filtered 19 invasion-related genes with prognosis significance in cervical cancer and 2 molecular subtypes (C1, C2). Specifically, the C1 subtype had an unfavorable prognosis, which was associated with the activation of the TGF-beta signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. 875 differentially expressed genes were screened, and 8 key genes were finally retained by the dimension reduction analysis. An 8-gene signature was established as an independent factor predictive of the prognosis of cervical cancer. The signature performance was even stronger when combined with N stage. Conclusion. Based on invasion-related genes, the present study categorized two cervical cancer subtypes with distinct TME characteristics and established an 8-gene marker that can accurately and independently predict the prognosis of cervical cancer.

RNA-binding proteins signature is a favorable biomarker of prognosis, immunotherapy and chemotherapy response for cervical cancer

“…mTORC1 could regulate the invasion, proliferation and EMT of CESC cells through PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway as one of the signaling complexes of mTOR [ 29 ]. Wang’s study identified 19 invasion-related genes and clustered the CESC into two molecular subtypes, and found TGF-beta signaling pathway was positively associated with the poor prognostic subtype [ 30 ]. In addition, our study performed survival analysis of these cancer-related pathways in CESC.…”

Retracted: Identification and Validation of Invasion‐Related Molecular Subtypes and Prognostic Features for Cervical Cancer

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation …”