Identification and Expression Analysis of Stilbene Synthase Genes in Arachis hypogaea in Response to Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid Induction

Abstract

Stilbene synthase is an important enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway, regulating the production of several biologically active stilbenoids. These compounds have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. However, the detailed characterization of stilbene synthase genes in Arachis hypogaea has not yet been performed. In this study, the comprehensive characterization of stilbene synthase genes in A. hypogaea was conducted, commencing with identification, phylogenetic analysis, and study of their expression in response to exogenous hormonal treatment. We identified and isolated five AhSTSs genes and recorded their expression pattern in peanut (BARD-479) in response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. The presence of Chal_sti_synt, ACP_syn_III, and FAE1_CUT1_rppA domains in all AhSTSs indicated their role in the biosynthesis of stilbene and lipid metabolism. Cis-regulatory element analysis indicated their role in light responsiveness, defense responses, regulation of seed development, plant growth, and development. Despite close structural and functional similarities, expression and correlational analysis suggested that these genes may have a specific role in peanut, as individual AhSTS exhibited differential expression upon hormonal treatment in a genotype dependent manner. Further studies on functional characterization involving the transcriptional regulation of AhSTSs can clearly explain the differential expression of stilbene synthase genes to hormonal treatment.

The Stilbene Synthase Family in Arachis: A Genome-Wide Study and Functional Characterization in Response to Stress

“…Likewise, W-box elements (WRKY-binding sites) are also found in the promoter regions of some primary and specialized metabolism genes, including CHS and PAL [56]. Some of the most frequent elements found in this study (Box 4, ABRE, G-Box, ARE, and CGTCA-and TGACG-motif) were also identified in the promoter regions of four A. hypogaea STS genes, suggesting that they may be responsible for the regulation of STS expression during biotic and abiotic stress responses through MeJA and SA signaling [43].…”

“…Previous studies have identified and characterized members of CHS and STS gene families in peanut (A. hypogaea), whereas there have been no reports on these families on wild Arachis species [43][44][45][46]. The allopolyploid domesticated peanut, with an AABB genome, arose from natural hybridization between the diploid ancestors A. duranensis (genome A) and A. ipaënsis (genome B), followed by spontaneous chromosome duplication [23].…”

Chromosome‐scale de novo genome assembly and annotation of three representative Casuarina species: C. equisetifolia, C. glauca, and C. cunninghamiana

“…The promoters of genes from several groups harbored a CGTA motif (Figure S24). The CGTA motif is a potential jasmonic acid (JA)‐responsive element (Qayyum et al., 2022). JA was reported to regulate flower development (Yuan & Zhang, 2015).…”

Organic vs. Integrated-Production Agriculture Farming: Which Grapevine Stress-Responsive Genes Are Affected by the Application of Resistance Inducers and Elicitors?

“…PAL and STS1 genes are linked to phenylpropanoids [49,50], specialized metabolites related to plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. Phenylpropanoids can act indirectly by either through signaling molecules or through toxic effects caused by phytoanticipins, that are common compounds present in plant tissues, and phytoalexins, which are bioactive substances that are produced by a plant in response to the detection of pathogens, such as fungi, bacteria, and virus [51].…”