Identification and characterization of novel hepatitis B virus subgenotype C10 in Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Abstract

Six novel subgenotypes (B7, B8, C6, C8, C9, and D6) within three hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes (B-D) were recently identified in Indonesia. To further characterize HBV in this country, 18 HBV-viremic samples obtained from blood donors in Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, were subjected to phylogenetic analysis of an 1.6-kb partial or full-length sequence. Thirteen HBV isolates were classified into genotype B with four distinct subgenotypes [B3 (n = 2), B5 (n = 1), B7 (n = 4), and B8 (n = 6)], followed by 4 HBV isolates of genotype C (HBV/C); the remaining one isolate was of D (D1). As for the four HBV/C isolates, one isolate segregated into subgenotype C1, and two into C2. The remaining HBV/C isolate [C0901177(NT3)] differed from reported HBV/C isolates (C1-C9) by 4.6-7.7% over the entire genome and did not show evidence of recombination with any of the known HBV genotypes/subgenotypes, justifying its conclusive assignment into a novel subgenotype (C10) within genotype C.

Molecular epidemiology of HIV, HBV, HCV, and HTLV-1/2 in drug abuser inmates in central Javan prisons, Indonesia

“…Based on a molecular analysis of a portion of the HBV preS2/S gene, most HBV isolates belonged to genotype B3. This finding supports a previous finding that B3 is the major genotype in Indonesia [32][33][34]. The nucleotide sequences of the seven HBV isolates had higher homology to foreign strains retrieved from the Genbank/EMBL/DDBJ database, suggesting that foreign HBV strains are occasionally introduced into Indonesia.…”

Epidemiology of HBV subgenotypes D

“…It has been also reported from Morocco and Russia and Baltic region [57,58,74]. D6: It has been reported as a rare subgenotype from Indonesia, Kenya, Russia and Baltic region [22][23][24][25][26]54,55,74].…”

“…However, genotype C and B are prevalent and D is rare (around 1%) in Eastern China and among genotype D, D1 and D2 are noted [10]. The subgenotype distribution of genotype D is also different among parts of India [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Similarly subgenotype studies may help tracking the movements of some population.…”

Utilization of Polyclonal Antibodies Produced in Local Horses (Equus Caballus) as a Resource for Development of Elisa Conjugate to Detect Hepatitis B Virus (Hbv) Surface Antigens

“…Recently it has been reported that in Indonesia some new HBV genotypes have been elucidated (Lusida et al, 2008, Mulyanto et al, 2009, 2010, 2012. This means that efforts to prevent the spread of HBV in Indonesia will be more effective if we can provide the components to develop diagnostic kits derives from the local germ plasma.…”