Identification and characterization of an alternative promoter of the human PGC-1α gene

Yoshioka, Toyo; Inagaki, Kenjiro; Noguchi, Tetsuya; Sakai, Mashito; Ogawa, Wataru; Hosooka, Tetsuya; Iguchi, Haruhisa; Watanabe, E.; Matsuki, Yasushi; Hiramatsu, Ryuji; Kasuga, Masato

doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.077

Cited by 51 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There is another putative CRE sequence in the PGC-1␣-b promoter that is also essential for ␤ 2 -AR-induced expression (6). In agreement with our in vivo finding, PGC-1␣-b promoter is activated by CREB activation, but not by AICAR treatment, in the luciferase assay of C 2 C 12 myoblasts (46). AICAR stimulates PGC-1␣-a expression via exon 1a, whereas ␤ 2 -AR activation stimulates PGC-1␣-b and PGC-1␣-c expression via exon 1b.…”

Section: E346 Effects Of Exercise and Aicar On Pgc-1␣ Isoformssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In analysis of the PGC-1␣-b promoter, CRE and E-box sequences are required for activation of human PGC-1␣-b transcription (6,46). The E-box sequence may contribute to the muscle-enriched expression, whereas the CRE sequence likely serves as a key target of exercise-initiated signaling pathways and mediates the induction of PGC-1␣-b and PGC-1␣-c expression in skeletal muscles.…”

Section: E346 Effects Of Exercise and Aicar On Pgc-1␣ Isoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The E-box sequence may contribute to the muscle-enriched expression, whereas the CRE sequence likely serves as a key target of exercise-initiated signaling pathways and mediates the induction of PGC-1␣-b and PGC-1␣-c expression in skeletal muscles. Expression of constitutively activated forms of CaMKIV and CnA or forskolin treatment, which increases the cytosolic concentrations of cAMP, increases PGC-1␣-b promoter activity depending on the CRE sequence via activation of CREB (46). There is another putative CRE sequence in the PGC-1␣-b promoter that is also essential for ␤ 2 -AR-induced expression (6).…”

Section: E346 Effects Of Exercise and Aicar On Pgc-1␣ Isoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are three isoforms of PGC-1␣ mRNA, which promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis in skeletal muscles (6,25,46). Compared with PGC-1␣-a mRNA (a previously described isoform), PGC-1␣-b and PGC-1␣-c mRNAs are transcribed by a different exon 1 of the PGC-1␣ gene and produce slightly smaller-sized proteins.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of exercise intensity and AICAR on isoform-specific expressions of murine skeletal muscle PGC-1α mRNA: a role of β₂-adrenergic receptor activation

Miki

Miura

Kai

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

105

108

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Section: E346 Effects Of Exercise and Aicar On Pgc-1␣ Isoformssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: E346 Effects Of Exercise and Aicar On Pgc-1␣ Isoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E346 Effects Of Exercise and Aicar On Pgc-1␣ Isoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of exercise intensity and AICAR on isoform-specific expressions of murine skeletal muscle PGC-1α mRNA: a role of β₂-adrenergic receptor activation

Miki

Miura

Kai

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

105

108

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“…Consistent with their nomenclature, the canonical isoform was renamed Pgc-1α1. The alternative gene promoter is highly conserved between species and has been shown to be active in human skeletal muscle [34][35][36]. Accordingly, the novel PGC-1α isoforms are detected in skeletal muscle after exercise [35][36][37].…”

Section: Where Do We Start? Multiple Origins For Pgc-1α Transcriptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hitchhiker’s guide to PGC-1α isoform structure and biological functions

2015

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Proteins of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1 (PGC-1) family of transcriptional coactivators coordinate physiological adaptations in many tissues, usually in response to demands for higher nutrient and energy supply. Of the founding members of the family, PGC-1α (also known as PPARGC1A) is the most highly regulated gene, using multiple promoters and alternative splicing to produce a growing number of coactivator variants. PGC-1α promoters are selectively active in distinct tissues in response to specific stimuli. To date, more than ten novel PGC-1α isoforms have been reported to be expressed from a novel promoter (PGC-1α-b, PGC-1α-c), to undergo alternative splicing (NT-PGC-1α) or both (PGC-1α2, PGC-1α3, PGC-1α4). The resulting proteins display differential regulation and tissue distribution and, most importantly, exert specific biological functions. In this review we discuss the structural and functional characteristics of the novel PGC-1α isoforms, aiming to provide an integrative view of this constantly expanding system of transcriptional coactivators.

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High‐throughput RNA sequencing reveals structural differences of orthologous brain‐expressed genes between western lowland gorillas and humans

Lipovich

Hou

Jia

et al. 2015

J of Comparative Neurology

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The human brain, and human cognitive abilities, are strikingly different from those of other great apes despite relatively modest genome sequence divergence. However, little is presently known about the interspecies divergence in gene structure and transcription that might contribute to these phenotypic differences. To date, most comparative studies of gene structure in the brain have examined humans, chimpanzees, and macaque monkeys. To add to this body of knowledge, we analyze here the brain transcriptome of the western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), an African great ape species that is phylogenetically closely related to humans, but with a brain that is approximately one-third the size. Manual transcriptome curation from a sample of the planum temporale region of the neocortex revealed 12 protein-coding genes and one noncoding-RNA gene with exons in the gorilla unmatched by public transcriptome data from the orthologous human loci. These interspecies gene structure differences accounted for a total of 134 amino acids in proteins found in the gorilla that were absent from protein products of the orthologous human genes. Proteins varying in structure between human and gorilla were involved in immunity and energy metabolism, suggesting their relevance to phenotypic differences. This gorilla neocortical transcriptome comprises an empirical, not homology- or prediction-driven, resource for orthologous gene comparisons between human and gorilla. These findings provide a unique repository of the sequences and structures of thousands of genes transcribed in the gorilla brain, pointing to candidate genes that may contribute to the traits distinguishing humans from other closely related great apes. Using next-generation RNA sequencing of a Gorilla planum temporale (red dot), with transcript-togenome alignments, the authors demonstrate different sequences of orthologous human and gorilla brain messenger RNA and protein molecules. These distinctions relate to the genomic basis of phenotypic differences among hominids, heralding a new era of comparative molecular morphology.

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Identification and characterization of an alternative promoter of the human PGC-1α gene

Cited by 51 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of exercise intensity and AICAR on isoform-specific expressions of murine skeletal muscle PGC-1α mRNA: a role of β₂-adrenergic receptor activation

Effect of exercise intensity and AICAR on isoform-specific expressions of murine skeletal muscle PGC-1α mRNA: a role of β₂-adrenergic receptor activation

The hitchhiker’s guide to PGC-1α isoform structure and biological functions

High‐throughput RNA sequencing reveals structural differences of orthologous brain‐expressed genes between western lowland gorillas and humans

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Identification and characterization of an alternative promoter of the human PGC-1α gene

Cited by 51 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of exercise intensity and AICAR on isoform-specific expressions of murine skeletal muscle PGC-1α mRNA: a role of β2-adrenergic receptor activation

Effect of exercise intensity and AICAR on isoform-specific expressions of murine skeletal muscle PGC-1α mRNA: a role of β2-adrenergic receptor activation

The hitchhiker’s guide to PGC-1α isoform structure and biological functions

High‐throughput RNA sequencing reveals structural differences of orthologous brain‐expressed genes between western lowland gorillas and humans

Contact Info

Product

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Effect of exercise intensity and AICAR on isoform-specific expressions of murine skeletal muscle PGC-1α mRNA: a role of β₂-adrenergic receptor activation

Effect of exercise intensity and AICAR on isoform-specific expressions of murine skeletal muscle PGC-1α mRNA: a role of β₂-adrenergic receptor activation