β-Glucan-Rich Extract of Gray Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Improves Object Recognition Memory and Hippocampus Morphology in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice develop neurodegeneration, age-dependent astrogliosis and obesity-induced changes in microglia immunophenotype which are partly reversed by complement component 5 neutralizing antibody

“…We especially observed a reduction of IBA-1-positive microglia which was most pronounced in the internal capsule, hippocampus and thalamus. In animal models obesity-induced neuroinflammation has been mostly associated with an increase in IBA-1 immunoreactivity (Thaler et al, 2012;Koga et al, 2014;Ahmad Tarmizi et al, 2022). Depending on the age and duration of HFD feeding a similar increase in IBA-1 immunoreactivity has also been observed previously in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice (Arnoldussen et al, 2017(Arnoldussen et al, , 2022.…”

“…Obesity has been shown to induce microglia activation in multiple areas of the brain, including the hypothalamus, cortex and hippocampus (Thaler et al, 2012;Dorfman and Thaler, 2015;Guillemot-Legris and Muccioli, 2017), which seems to be accompanied with changes in microglia 10. 3389/fncel.2023.1205261 immunophenotype: obesity-inducing HFD feeding in rodents has been shown to enhance the expression of the microglia-specific marker ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1) protein (Ito et al, 1998;Wahid et al, 2021) and to increase the number of IBA-1-positive microglia in the hippocampus (Thaler et al, 2012;Koga et al, 2014;Ahmad Tarmizi et al, 2022). However in humans, no difference in terms of IBA-1 density was observed in obese cases (Lier et al, 2019).…”