<i>Xenopus</i> c‐<i>raf</i> proto‐oncogene: cloning and expression during oogenesis and early development

Guellec, René Le; Couturier, Antoine; Guellec, Katherine Le; Paris, Jeannie; Fur, Nathalie Le

doi:10.1016/0248-4900(91)90076-y

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Histone Hi kinase activation was blocked in NAF-injected VOL. 13,1993 on oocytes stimulated with progesterone (Fig. 4C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The delay in Raf-1 activation in oocytes may be a result of the time VOL. 13,1993 on May 11, 2018 by guest http://mcb.asm.org/ Downloaded from required for mosxe synthesis to occur following progesterone stimulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Raf-1 amino acid sequence is highly conserved among vertebrate species and is closely related to the Drosophila Draf sequence (16). Recently, it was demonstrated that Raf-1 mRNA is present in Xenopus laevis oocytes and embryos (13). The importance of Raf-1 in somatic cell signal transduction led us to hypothesize that Raf-1 also plays an important role in the regulation of meiosis in oocytes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Raf-1 protein kinase is important for progesterone-induced Xenopus oocyte maturation and acts downstream of mos.

Muslin¹,

MacNicol²,

Williams³

1993

Mol. Cell. Biol.

115

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In somatic cells, the Raf-I serine/threonine protein kinase is activated by several polypeptide growth factors. We investigated the role of Raf-I in progesterone-induced meiotic maturation ofXenopus laevis oocytes. Raf-l enzymatic activity and phosphorylation (reflected by a mobility shift on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels) were increased in oocytes following progesterone stimulation. The increase in Raf-I activity was concurrent with an elevation in the activity of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. When RNA encoding an oncogenic form of Raf-1 (v-Raf) was injected into immature oocytes, MAP kinase mobility shift, germinal vesicle breakdown, and histone Hi phosphorylation increased markedly. When RNA encoding a dominant-negative version of Raf-I was injected, progesterone-induced oocyte maturation was blocked. When RNA encoding Xenopus mos (mosxe) was injected into oocytes, Raf-1 and MAP kinase mobility shifts were observed after several hours. Also, when antisense mosxe oligonucleotides were injected into oocytes, progesterone-induced Raf-1 and MAP kinase mobility shifts were blocked. Finally, when antisense mosxe oligonucleotides were coinjected with v-Raf RNA into oocytes, histone Hi kinase activation, germinal vesicle breakdown, and MAP kinase mobility shift occurred. These findings suggest that Raf-I activity is required for progesterone-induced oocyte maturation and that Raf-1 is downstream of mos' activity.The Raf-1 serine/threonine protein kinase is activated in cultured cells by a variety of growth factors (18,19,21). Raf-1 activity is necessary for somatic cell transformation by a variety of oncogenes and is also necessary for growth factor-induced proliferation of certain cultured cells (9). Raf-1 consists of an amino-terminal regulatory domain and a carboxyl-terminal kinase domain. An oncogenic form of Raf-1, v-Raf, has an amino-terminal deletion of much of the putative regulatory domain (22,26).When wild-type Raf-1 is activated, it has the ability to phosphorylate and activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase in vitro and in cultured cells (2,6,12 made by performing M13 site-directed mutagenesis, converting lysine 375 to methionine (K375M) as described previously (15). The NAF and wild-type Raf-1 cDNAs were inserted into the pSP64T vector, and the constructs were modified by insertion of an oligonucleotide encoding the KT3 peptide at the 3' ends of the coding regions.The full-length mosxe cDNA construct and the mosxe antisense oligonucleotides were generous gifts of Daniel J. Donoghue (University of California, San Diego) (4, 5, 7).RNA containing a 5'-GpppG cap (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology Inc.) was made by using linearized plasmid with the SP6 RNA polymerase (Boehringer Mannheim) as described previously (17) and resuspended in water.Oocyte inijections. Large oocytes (Dumont stage VI) were removed from adult female frogs by using established techniques. Oocytes were manually dissected and collagenase treated (Sigma type II, 1 mg/ml). Oocytes were maintained in lx modified Barth's sali...

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“…Histone Hi kinase activation was blocked in NAF-injected VOL. 13,1993 on oocytes stimulated with progesterone (Fig. 4C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Raf-1 protein kinase is important for progesterone-induced Xenopus oocyte maturation and acts downstream of mos.

Muslin¹,

MacNicol²,

Williams³

1993

Mol. Cell. Biol.

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A-Raf expression is localized primarily in reproductive tissues, and B-raf expression is detected mainly in the brain (39). Raf homologs also have been identified in a number of nonmammalian organisms, including Xenopus laevis, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster (17,24,29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Raf-1 N-Terminal Sequences Necessary for Ras-Raf Interaction and Signal Transduction

Pumiglia

Chow

Fabian

et al. 1995

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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“…mRNAs were synthesized using the T7 mMESSAGE MACHINE kit (Ambion Europe Ltd., Cambridgeshire, UK). mRNAs from pRN3 plasmids containing XeRalBG23V and XeRalBS28N (a kind gift from J Moreau; Lebreton et al, 2004) and from pBluescript KS plasmid containing XeRaf (a kind gift from M Philippe; Le Guellec et al, 1991) were synthesized using the T3 kit.…”

Section: Purification Of Bacterially Expressed Recombinant Proteins P21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the H-Ras pathway in Xenopus oocyte

et al. 2006

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Xenopus oocytes are arrested in prophase of the first meiotic division. In response to progesterone, they re-enter meiosis and arrest again in metaphase of the second meiotic division. This process, called meiotic maturation, is under the control of the Cyclin B-Cdc2 complex, M phase promoting factor (MPF). Injection of a constitutively active Xenopus H-Ras protein activates MPF, suggesting that Ras proteins could be implicated in the progesterone transduction pathway. The aim of this study was (1) to elucidate the pathway triggered by H-Ras leading to MPF activation in Xenopus oocytes and (2) to investigate whether endogenous H-Ras is involved in the physiological process of meiotic maturation. We generated three constitutively active double mutants, each of them recruiting a single effector in mammalian cells, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or RalGDS. Our results show that the activation of a PI3K-related enzyme is crucial for H-Ras-induced MPF activation, whereas the recruitment of either MAPK or RalGDS is not. However, although the H-Ras/PI3K pathway is functional in Xenopus oocytes, it is not the physiological transducer of progesterone responsible for meiotic resumption.

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Xenopus c‐raf proto‐oncogene: cloning and expression during oogenesis and early development

Cited by 15 publications

References 56 publications

Raf-1 protein kinase is important for progesterone-induced Xenopus oocyte maturation and acts downstream of mos.

Raf-1 protein kinase is important for progesterone-induced Xenopus oocyte maturation and acts downstream of mos.

Raf-1 N-Terminal Sequences Necessary for Ras-Raf Interaction and Signal Transduction

Deciphering the H-Ras pathway in Xenopus oocyte

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