EXTRA SPINDLE POLES (Separase) controls anisotropic cell expansion in Norway spruce (Picea abies) embryos independently of its role in anaphase progression

Abstract

This is the accepted version of the following article: Moschou, P. N., Savenkov, E. I., Minina, E. A., Fukada, K., Reza, S. H., Gutierrez-Beltran, E., Sanchez-Vera, V., Suarez, M. F., Hussey, P. J., Smertenko, A. P. and Bozhkov, P. V. (2016), EXTRA SPINDLE POLES (Separase) controls anisotropic cell expansion in Norway spruce (Picea abies) embryos independently of its role in anaphase progression. New Phytologist, 212(1): 232-243, which has been published in nal form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14012. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving.Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.

Phragmoplast microtubule dynamics – a game of zones

“…Despite our knowledge on the protein kinase pathways in the phragmoplast, the information about the substrates of these kinases remains limited. A novel direction in our understanding of phragmoplast signaling has been highlighted by the discovery of the midzone localization of the caspase-domain protease separase in both angiosperm and gymnosperm species (Moschou et al, 2016b(Moschou et al, , 2013. Identification of separase substrates could demonstrate how spatially restricted proteolysis contributes to the regulation of phragmoplast expansion.…”

Cutting in the middleman: hidden substrates at the interface between proteases and plant development

“…Furthermore, expression of separase from the distantly related gymnosperm Norway spruce restored anaphase defects of rsw4 , but not defects in expansion and division orientation (Moschou et al ., ), suggesting that these auxin‐related defects involve other substrates and not kleisin. Considering the localization of separase, these substrates may reside at a presumptive interface between microtubules and the TGN.…”

“…Separase (family C50, clan CD) is a single-gene encoded evolutionary conserved cysteine protease (Moschou et al, 2016b). Separase inactivates, through cleavage, the protein kleisin (orthologue of yeast Scc1) that holds sister chromatids together, thereby allowing chromatid separation during anaphase (Moschou & Bozhkov, 2012).…”

“…Separase inactivates, through cleavage, the protein kleisin (orthologue of yeast Scc1) that holds sister chromatids together, thereby allowing chromatid separation during anaphase (Moschou & Bozhkov, 2012). The separase N-terminus sequence is highly variable across species (Moschou et al, 2016b). In contrast, the protease-containing C-terminus domain is highly conserved, comprising a pseudo-caspase and an active caspase-like fold (Lin et al, 2016), structurally resembling the protease caspase dimers involved in cell death execution in nonplant species (Fig.…”

Genetic Identification of Novel Separase regulators inCaenorhabditis elegans

“…In mammalian cells, separase has also been shown to associate with membranes and its depletion is associated with swelling of the trans-golgi network and decreased constitutive protein secretion (Bacac et al 2011). In Arabidopsis , separase mutant cells display mitotic failure due to defects in vesicle trafficking along microtubules, which is critical for synthesis of a cell plate during cytokinesis (Moschou et al 2016). Therefore, there are numerous functions of separase during the cell cycle, and how each are regulated has not been fully elucidated.…”