<i>SALMONELLA ENTERICA</i>PREVALENCE IN LEATHERBACK SEA TURTLES (<i>DERMOCHELYS CORIACEA</i>) IN ST. KITTS, WEST INDIES

Dutton, Clayton S.; Revan, Floyd; Wang, Chengming; Xu, Chuanling; Norton, Terry M.; Stewart, Kimberly M.; Kaltenboeck, Bernhard; Soto, Esteban

doi:10.1638/2012-0216r1.1

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to the findings by Dutton et al. (), previous studies reporting the frequency of Salmonella in wild turtles have found prevalence to be very low (Saelinger et al., ; Santoro et al., , ). The drivers of this variable prevalence are unknown.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…Although most infections are foodborne, Salmonella spp. are known to persist in the environment and to colonize a wide range of wild and domesticated animals in the Caribbean (Drake et al., ; Dutton et al., ; Peterson et al., ; Miller et al., ; Sylvester et al., ; ), thus supporting the need for a better understanding of the prevalence, transmission and overall biology of Salmonella from non‐food sources (Staff et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the 2011 nesting season, Dutton et al. () found Salmonella enterica in 14.7% of nesting leatherback sea turtles in the island of St. Kitts. In contrast to the findings by Dutton et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Montevideo and Newport in Free-ranging Sea Turtles and Beach Sand in the Caribbean and Persistence in Sand and Seawater Microcosms

Ives

Antaki

Stewart

et al. 2016

Zoonoses Public Health

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Salmonellae are Gram-negative zoonotic bacteria that are frequently part of the normal reptilian gastrointestinal flora. The main objective of this project was to estimate the prevalence of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica in the nesting and foraging populations of sea turtles on St. Kitts and in sand from known nesting beaches. Results suggest a higher prevalence of Salmonella in nesting leatherback sea turtles compared with foraging green and hawksbill sea turtles. Salmonella was cultured from 2/9 and identified by molecular diagnostic methods in 3/9 leatherback sea turtle samples. Salmonella DNA was detected in one hawksbill turtle, but viable isolates were not recovered from any hawksbill sea turtles. No Salmonella was detected in green sea turtles. In samples collected from nesting beaches, Salmonella was only recovered from a single dry sand sample. All recovered isolates were positive for the wzx gene, consistent with the O:7 serogroup. Further serotyping characterized serovars Montevideo and Newport present in cloacal and sand samples. Repetitive-element palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprint analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of the 2014 isolates from turtles and sand as well as archived Salmonella isolates recovered from leatherback sea turtles in 2012 and 2013, identified two distinct genotypes and four different pulsotypes, respectively. The genotyping and serotyping were directly correlated. To determine the persistence of representative strains of each serotype/genotype in these environments, laboratory-controlled microcosm studies were performed in water and sand (dry and wet) incubated at 25 or 35°C. Isolates persisted for at least 32 days in most microcosms, although there were significant decreases in culturable bacteria in several microcosms, with the greatest reduction in dry sand incubated at 35°C. This information provides a better understanding of the epizootiology of Salmonella in free-ranging marine reptiles and the potential public health risks associated with human interactions with these animals in the Caribbean.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Montevideo and Newport in Free-ranging Sea Turtles and Beach Sand in the Caribbean and Persistence in Sand and Seawater Microcosms

Ives

Antaki

Stewart

et al. 2016

Zoonoses Public Health

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“…Evidently, the infection of Gram negative bacteria is hard to treat than Gram positives owing to their intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms [22]. Since, pet turtle keeping is a growing trend but, reported to harbor many Gram negative bacteria [1112131415161718], efficacy of EOs as antibacterial agents for turtle-borne bacteria worth examining. Moreover, to our knowledge, this is the first to study the antibacterial properties of LGO against pet-turtle borne Gram negative bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the popularity of pet turtles has not been accompanied by dissemination of the public health concerns that arise when raising them. In the meantime, pet turtle have been known to harbor a variety of microbes either opportunistic or readily pathogenic [111213]. Besides, bacterial strains showing virulence and antimicrobial resistance with the aid of genetic determinants advocates their medical importance [1415161718].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial property of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) oil against pathogenic bacteria isolated from pet turtles

et al. 2017

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The usage of essential oils as antimicrobial agents is gaining attention. Besides, pet turtles were known to harbor a range of pathogenic bacteria while the turtle keeping is a growing trend worldwide.The current study examined the antimicrobial activity of lemon grass oil (LGO) against seven species of Gram negative bacteria namely; Aeromonas hydrophila, A. caviae, Citrobacter freundii, Salmonella enterica, Edwardsiella tarda, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis isolated from three popular species of pet turtles. Along with the results of disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC and MBC) tests, LGO was detected as effective against 6 species of bacteria excluding P. aeruginosa. MIC of LGO for the strains except P. aeruginosa ranged from 0.016 to 0.5% (V/V). The lowest MIC recorded in the E. tarda strain followed by A. hydrophilla, C. freundii, P. mirabilis, and S. enterica. Interestingly, all the bacterial species except E. tarda were showing high multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) index values ranging from 0.36 to 0.91 upon the 11 antibiotics tested although they were sensitive to LGO.

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SALMONELLA ENTERICAPREVALENCE IN LEATHERBACK SEA TURTLES (DERMOCHELYS CORIACEA) IN ST. KITTS, WEST INDIES

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Detection ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Montevideo and Newport in Free-ranging Sea Turtles and Beach Sand in the Caribbean and Persistence in Sand and Seawater Microcosms

Detection ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Montevideo and Newport in Free-ranging Sea Turtles and Beach Sand in the Caribbean and Persistence in Sand and Seawater Microcosms

Antimicrobial property of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) oil against pathogenic bacteria isolated from pet turtles

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