Saccharum × Miscanthus intergeneric hybrids (miscanes) exhibit greater chilling tolerance of C4 photosynthesis and postchilling recovery than sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids)

Kar, Suraj; Zhang, Na; Nakashima, Taiken; Villanueva‐Morales, Antonio; Stewart, J. Ryan; Sacks, Erik J.; Terajima, Yoshifumi; Yamada, Toshihiko

doi:10.1111/gcbb.12632

“…and miscanthus. Intergeneric hybrid "miscanes" have been made by crossing miscanthus with hybrid sugarcanes 15 , suggesting that natural genetic variation in these two genera could be combined in order to blend desirable traits (e.g., cold tolerance and disease resistance).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genome biology of the paleotetraploid perennial biomass crop Miscanthus

Mitros

¹

,

Session

²

,

James

³

et al. 2020

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Miscanthus is a perennial wild grass that is of global importance for paper production, roofing, horticultural plantings, and an emerging highly productive temperate biomass crop. We report a chromosome-scale assembly of the paleotetraploid M. sinensis genome, providing a resource for Miscanthus that links its chromosomes to the related diploid Sorghum and complex polyploid sugarcanes. The asymmetric distribution of transposons across the two homoeologous subgenomes proves Miscanthus paleo-allotetraploidy and identifies several balanced reciprocal homoeologous exchanges. Analysis of M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus populations demonstrates extensive interspecific admixture and hybridization, and documents the origin of the highly productive triploid bioenergy crop M. × giganteus. Transcriptional profiling of leaves, stem, and rhizomes over growing seasons provides insight into rhizome development and nutrient recycling, processes critical for sustainable biomass accumulation in a perennial temperate grass. The Miscanthus genome expands the power of comparative genomics to understand traits of importance to Andropogoneae grasses.

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“…However, currently only one single triploid clone of M. ×giganteus, which is an interspecific hybrid between M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus, is widely available for commercial production and new hybrids are needed. Additionally, Miscanthus is a close relative to Saccharum and is potentially a valuable genetic resource for improving sugarcane [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing flowering time in Miscanthus and sugarcane to facilitate intra- and intergeneric crosses

Dong

¹

,

Clark

²

,

Jin

³

et al. 2021

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Miscanthus is a close relative of Saccharum and a potentially valuable genetic resource for improving sugarcane. Differences in flowering time within and between Miscanthus and Saccharum hinders intra- and interspecific hybridizations. A series of greenhouse experiments were conducted over three years to determine how to synchronize flowering time of Saccharum and Miscanthus genotypes. We found that day length was an important factor influencing when Miscanthus and Saccharum flowered. Sugarcane could be induced to flower in a central Illinois greenhouse using supplemental lighting to reduce the rate at which days shortened during the autumn and winter to 1 min d-1, which allowed us to synchronize the flowering of some sugarcane genotypes with Miscanthus genotypes primarily from low latitudes. In a complementary growth chamber experiment, we evaluated 33 Miscanthus genotypes, including 28 M. sinensis, 2 M. floridulus, and 3 M. ×giganteus collected from 20.9° S to 44.9° N for response to three day lengths (10 h, 12.5 h, and 15 h). High latitude-adapted M. sinensis flowered mainly under 15 h days, but unexpectedly, short days resulted in short, stocky plants that did not flower; in some cases, flag leaves developed under short days but heading did not occur. In contrast, for M. sinensis and M. floridulus from low latitudes, shorter day lengths typically resulted in earlier flowering, and for some low latitude genotypes, 15 h days resulted in no flowering. However, the highest ratio of reproductive shoots to total number of culms was typically observed for 12.5 h or 15 h days. Latitude of origin was significantly associated with culm length, and the shorter the days, the stronger the relationship. Nearly all entries achieved maximal culm length under the 15 h treatment, but the nearer to the equator an accession originated, the less of a difference in culm length between the short-day treatments and the 15 h day treatment. Under short days, short culms for high-latitude accessions was achieved by different physiological mechanisms for M. sinensis genetic groups from the mainland in comparison to those from Japan; for mainland accessions, the mechanism was reduced internode length, whereas for Japanese accessions the phyllochron under short days was greater than under long days. Thus, for M. sinensis, short days typically hastened floral induction, consistent with the expectations for a facultative short-day plant. However, for high latitude accessions of M. sinensis, days less than 12.5 h also signaled that plants should prepare for winter by producing many short culms with limited elongation and development; moreover, this response was also epistatic to flowering. Thus, to flower M. sinensis that originates from high latitudes synchronously with sugarcane, the former needs day lengths >12.5 h (perhaps as high as 15 h), whereas that the latter needs day lengths <12.5 h.

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“…However, currently only one single triploid clone of M. ×giganteus, which is an interspecific hybrid between M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus, is widely available for commercial production and new hybrids are needed. Additionally, Miscanthus is a close relative to Saccharum and is potentially a valuable genetic resource for improving sugarcane (Chen & Lo, 1988;Lam et al, 2009;Głowacka et al, 2016;Kar et al, 2019Kar et al, , 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing flowering time in Miscanthus and sugarcane to facilitate intra- and intergeneric crosses

Dong

¹

,

Clark

²

,

Jin

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Miscanthus is a close relative of Saccharum and a potentially valuable genetic resource for improving sugarcane. Differences in flowering time within and between Miscanthus and Saccharum hinders intra- and interspecific hybridizations. A series of greenhouse experiments were conducted over three years to determine how to synchronize flowering time of Saccharum and Miscanthus genotypes. We found that day length was an important factor influencing when Miscanthus and Saccharum flowered. Sugarcane could be induced to flower in a central Illinois greenhouse using supplemental lighting to reduce the rate at which days shortened during the autumn and winter to 1 min d-1, which allowed us to synchronize the flowering of some sugarcane genotypes with Miscanthus genotypes primarily from low latitudes. In a complementary growth chamber experiment, we evaluated 33 Miscanthus genotypes, including 28 M. sinensis, 2 M. floridulus, and 3 M. ×giganteus collected from 20.9° S to 44.9° N for response to three day lengths (10 h, 12.5 h, and 15 h). High latitude-adapted M. sinensis flowered mainly under 15 h days, but unexpectedly, short days resulted in short, stocky plants that did not flower; in some cases, flag leaves developed under short days but heading did not occur. In contrast, for M. sinensis and M. floridulus from low latitudes, shorter day lengths typically resulted in earlier flowering, and for some low latitude genotypes, 15 h days resulted in no flowering. However, the highest ratio of reproductive shoots to total number of culms was typically observed for 12.5 h or 15 h days. Latitude of origin was significantly associated with culm length, and the shorter the days, the stronger the relationship. Nearly all entries achieved maximal culm length under the 15 h treatment, but the nearer to the equator an accession originated, the less of a difference in culm length between the short-day treatments and the 15 h day treatment. Under short days, short culms for high-latitude accessions was achieved by different physiological mechanisms for M. sinensis genetic groups from the mainland in comparison to those from Japan; for mainland accessions, the mechanism was reduced internode length, whereas for Japanese accessions the phyllochron under short days was greater than under long days. Thus, for M. sinensis, short days typically hastened floral induction, consistent with the expectations for a facultative short-day plant. However, for high latitude accessions of M. sinensis, days less than 12.5 h also signaled that plants should prepare for winter by producing many short culms with limited elongation and development; moreover, this response was also epistatic to flowering. Thus, to flower M. sinensis that originates from high latitudes synchronously with sugarcane, the former needs day lengths >12.5 h (perhaps as high as 15 h), whereas that the latter needs day lengths <12.5 h.

show abstract

Saccharum × Miscanthus intergeneric hybrids (miscanes) exhibit greater chilling tolerance of C₄ photosynthesis and postchilling recovery than sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids)

Cited by 15 publications

References 87 publications

Genome biology of the paleotetraploid perennial biomass crop Miscanthus

Genome biology of the paleotetraploid perennial biomass crop Miscanthus

Managing flowering time in Miscanthus and sugarcane to facilitate intra- and intergeneric crosses

Managing flowering time in Miscanthus and sugarcane to facilitate intra- and intergeneric crosses

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