Saccharomyces boulardiidecreases inflammation and intestinal colonization byCandida albicansin a mouse model of chemically-induced colitis

Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on inflammation and intestinal colonization by Candida albicans in a BALB/c mouse model of colitis that had been induced by dextran-sulfate-sodium (DSS). Colonization with C. albicans was established by oral gavage with a 200 microL suspension of 10(7) yeast cells. A 1.5% solution of DSS was administered in drinking water 1 h after C. albicans oral challenge, while 10(7) cells of S. boulardii was inoculated daily by oral gavage for 1 week. Faeces were collected daily for 2 weeks. Seven groups of mice consisting of those that were administered either C. albicans or S. boulardii or both were sacrificed after 14 days and samples of the colon were taken for histological scoring and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis of inflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptors (TLRs). Compared to control animals that did not receive DSS, the number of C. albicans colonies recovered from faeces was significantly greater in mice receiving DSS. In contrast, the colony forming units (CFUs) of C. albicans were greatly reduced in mice receiving S. boulardii. The administration of this yeast decreased the severity of DSS-induced clinical scores and histological inflammation. At the mRNA expression level, an increase in TLR2 and TLR4 resulting from the presence of S. boulardii was associated with a reduction in the inflammatory cytokines TNFalpha and INFgamma. In mice receiving DSS and C. albicans, TLR4 was over-expressed by stimulation with both yeasts, but TLR2 and TNFalpha, which were increased by the administration of C. albicans alone, were decreased in the presence of S. boulardii. These results indicate that S. boulardii decreased inflammation and C. albicans colonization in this BALB/c mouse model of colitis.

Saccharomyces cerevisiaeandCandida albicansStimulate Cytokine Secretion from Human Neutrophil-Like HL-60 Cells Differentiated with Retinoic Acid or Dimethylsulfoxide

“…In mouse, S. boulardii enhances TLR2 mRNA expression in the normal colon and suppresses TLR2 expression induced by C. albicans and dextran-sulfate-sodium. 51) In other reports, C. albicans enhances TLR2 expression in intrahepatic lymphocytes, 52) but not in keratinocytes. 53) Regulation of TLR2 may be partially related to sensitivity to yeast cells and mode of cytokine production.…”

Anti-inflammatory effects ofSaccharomyces boulardiimediated by myeloid dendritic cells from patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

“…However, a positive outcome in preliminary clinical studies in IBD (29,30,44) and beneficial effects of Sb in immunological (adoptive transfer model in SCID mice) and chemical (DSS colitis) (21,36) animal models of IBD imply additional efficacy and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in CD and UC.…”

The human gut mycobiome: pitfalls and potentials--a mycologists perspective

“…Mouse studies to date deal primarily with Candida and with disease (either candidiasis or the role of Candida in other diseases such as colitis (e.g. Jawhara andPoulain 2007, Szabo andMacCallum 2011), but the potential exists to gain a real understanding of fungal interactions, both with other microbes and with the host. As we forge ahead into this exciting era it is hoped that mycologists will lead the way to a better understanding of the role of fungi in the human gut and throughout the body.…”