Retracted: Proteomic and physiological responses of Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to salinity stress and N‐acyl‐homoserine lactone

Abstract

To evaluate the alleviating action of exogenous N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) on NaCl toxicity, morphological, physiological and proteomic changes were investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Salinity stress decreased growth parameters, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and catalase activities. Application of lower concentration of AHL had a relieving effect on Arabidopsis seedlings under salinity stress which dramatically decreased MDA content, and increased growth parameters as well as SOD and POD activities. Total proteins were extracted from the control, NaCl-, AHL- and NaCl + AHL-treated seedlings and were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A total of 127 protein spots showed different expression compared with the control. Mass spectrometry analysis allowed the identification of 97 proteins involved in multiple pathways, i.e. defense/stress/detoxification, photosynthesis, protein metabolism, signal transduction, transcription, cell wall biogenesis, metabolisms of carbon, lipid, energy, sulfur, nucleotide and sugar. These results suggest that defense/stress response, metabolism and energy, signal transduction and regulation, protein metabolism and transcription-related proteins may be particularly subjected to regulation in salt stressed Arabidopsis seedlings, when treated with AHL and that this regulation lead to improved salt tolerance and plant growth. Overall, this study provides insight to the effect of AHL on salinity stress for the first time, and also sheds light on overview of the molecular mechanism of AHL-regulated plant growth promotion and salt resistance.

The polyadenylation factor FIP1 is important for plant development and root responses to abiotic stresses

“…The subtle effects of the fip1‐2 mutation on poly(A) site choice belie the more dramatic phenotypes seen in the mutant, such as the diminished capacity to develop LRs, leaf growth, the tolerance to salt, and the increased sensitivity to cadmium and ABA. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have identified a large number of genes/proteins involved in root development and the adaptation of plants to salt stress or ABA responses (Brady et al ., , ; Dinneny et al ., ; Li et al ., ; Guo et al ., ; Ding et al ., ; Kumar et al ., ). It is possible that among the numerous changes in poly(A) site choice that are seen in the fip1‐2 mutant, some of them affect important regulatory genes, which might have a large impact on plant development and responses; however, our results (Figure ) suggest an interesting alternative.…”

Priming winter wheat seeds with the bacterial quorum sensing signal N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) shows potential to improve plant growth and seed yield

“…Early investigations of the effect of AHL applications on plant development and systemic resistance have focussed on in vitro and pot-plant experiments and reported changes in gene expression patterns, root development and systemic resistance [15-16, 28-32]. In this study, we were interested in determining whether bacterial AHLs can be used as a novel class of phyto-stimulator seed primers to improve cereal crop growth and grain yields, using winter wheat to investigate changes in seed germination in vitro and field trials to investigate changes in plant development and crop yield.…”

“…In this study, we investigate the effect of AHL applied directly to seeds before germination whereas previous research has focused on dosing or spaying seedlings or even older plants with AHL solutions [15-16, 30-32, 39-40]. We test here the effectiveness of seed priming with C6-HSL on two varieties of winter wheat as we expected to see a strong genetic effect in response to AHL treatment, but variety effects were seen in less than half of the characteristics we measured.…”

Defining plant growth promoting rhizobacteria molecular and biochemical networks in beneficial plant-microbe interactions

“…Inoculation of Vitis vinifera with Bacillus licheniformis Rt4M10 increased ABA concentrations in leaves (fresh weight) by 76-fold and inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens Rt6M10 resulted in ABA increasing by 40-fold; rates of water loss were also reduced in correlation with the increases of ABA in PGPRinoculated V. vinifera (Salomon et al 2014) The products of PGPRs which specifically induce abiotic resistance or tolerance are not as well described in the literature as those known to be involved in defense priming, but likely overlap with those found to promote plant nutrition and biotic resistance. Indeed, reported examples of abiotic resistance elicitors include PGPR products such as ACC deaminase (Glick et al 2007), phytohormones such as IAA (Marulanda et al 2009), signal molecules such as LCOs (Subramanian et al 2016) and AHLs (Ding et al 2016), and BVCs (Liu and Zhang 2015). Promising recent research into the role of PGPR BVCs on Arabidopsis salinity tolerance has shown that the Paraburkholderia phytofirmans P s J N B V C s 2 -u n d e c a n o n e , 7 -h e x a n o l , 3methylbutanol and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) stimulated positive plant growth under both normal and saline-stress conditions (Ledger et al 2016).…”