<i>Pubertal Development and Menarche</i>

DiVall, Sara A.; Radovick, Sally

doi:10.1196/annals.1429.026

Cited by 78 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Markers of puberty, including breast and pubic hair development, often begin several years before first menses. 18 Age at menarche started to decline in the early 1900s but has remained fairly constant at 12 to 13 years for the past 60 years. 19 Over the past generation, there has been a dramatic decline in the age at onset of breast development.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of Clinical, Maternal, and Self Pubertal Assessments: Implications for Health Studies

et al. 2016

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of Clinical, Maternal, and Self Pubertal Assessments: Implications for Health Studies

et al. 2016

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“…1 The timing of menarche has been reported to influence cardiovascular and metabolic health in adolescence and young adulthood, [2][3][4] but its long-term impact on vascular health in middle-age is unclear. Several studies have suggested that early menarche is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] or stroke, 7 but findings have been inconsistent.…”

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confidence: 99%

Age at Menarche and Risks of Coronary Heart and Other Vascular Diseases in a Large UK Cohort

et al. 2015

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Background-Early menarche has been associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but most studies were relatively small and could not assess risk across a wide range of menarcheal ages; few have examined associations with other vascular diseases. We examined CHD, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertensive disease risks by age at menarche in a large prospective study of UK women. Methods and Results-In 1.2 million women (mean±SD age, 56±5 years) without previous heart disease, stroke, or cancer, menarcheal age was reported to be 13 years by 25%, ≤10 years by 4%, and ≥17 years by 1%. After 11.6 years of follow-up, 73 378 women had first hospitalization for or death from CHD, 25 426 from cerebrovascular disease, and 249 426 from hypertensive disease. Using Cox regression, we calculated relative risks for each vascular outcome by single year of menarcheal age. The relationship was U-shaped for CHD. Compared with women with menarche at 13 years, the adjusted relative risk for CHD for menarche at ≤10 years of age was 1.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.22-1.31; P<0.0001) and for menarche at ≥17 years of age was 1.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.30; P<0.0001). U-shaped relationships were also seen for cerebrovascular and hypertensive disease, although the magnitudes of these risks for early and late menarche were smaller than those for CHD. Conclusions-In this cohort, the relation of age at menarche to vascular disease risk was U shaped, with both early and late menarche being associated with increased risk. Associations were weaker for cerebrovascular and hypertensive disease than for CHD.

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“…is one of the growth factors which may regulate the timing of puberty and puberty regression by inducing the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse, gonadotropin, and sex hormone [43]. It is showed that IGF-I increased the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in vitro [43][44][45].…”

Section: Vitamin D and Puberty (The Potential Role Of Vitamin D In Hymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Human Reproduction

Tehrani¹,

Behboudi‐Gandevani²

2017

A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D - Basic Overview

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Vitamin D is one of the steroid hormones. The precursor of vitamin D, 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is an intermediary for cholesterol pathway, is available in the skin. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation makes the transformation of 7-dehydrocholesterol to provitamin D3, which automatically isomerizes to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). Vitamin D3 is secreted into blood circulation and carried by the vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP). Around 80-90% of vitamin D is from sunlight-derived production in the skin. A little amount of vitamin D is also extracted from foods and/or additional supplementation. Vitamin D has been well known for its function in maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and promoting bone mineralization. Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies suggests that vitamin D also modulates reproductive processes in women and men and is involved in many functions of the reproductive system. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes are found in reproductive tissues of women and men. This chapter presents an up-to-date review for describing the function of vitamin D in female reproduction throughout reproductive ages from menarche to menopause, during pregnancy and lactation, and some disorders affecting women and also the role of vitamin D applied to male fertility.

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Pubertal Development and Menarche

Cited by 78 publications

References 109 publications

Comparison of Clinical, Maternal, and Self Pubertal Assessments: Implications for Health Studies

Comparison of Clinical, Maternal, and Self Pubertal Assessments: Implications for Health Studies

Age at Menarche and Risks of Coronary Heart and Other Vascular Diseases in a Large UK Cohort

Vitamin D and Human Reproduction

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