Planck2015 results

Abstract

The European Space Agency's Planck satellite, which is dedicated to studying the early Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched on 14 May 2009. It scanned the microwave and submillimetre sky continuously between 12 August 2009 and 23 October 2013. In February 2015, ESA and the Planck Collaboration released the second set of cosmology products based on data from the entire Planck mission, including both temperature and polarization, along with a set of scientific and technical papers and a web-based explanatory supplement. This paper gives an overview of the main characteristics of the data and the data products in the release, as well as the associated cosmological and astrophysical science results and papers. The data products include maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, diffuse foregrounds in temperature and polarization, catalogues of compact Galactic and extragalactic sources (including separate catalogues of Corresponding author: C. R. Lawrence, e-mail: charles.lawrence@jpl.nasa.govArticle published by EDP Sciences A1, page 1 of 38 A&A 594, A1 (2016) Sunyaev-Zeldovich clusters and Galactic cold clumps), and extensive simulations of signals and noise used in assessing uncertainties and the performance of the analysis methods. The likelihood code used to assess cosmological models against the Planck data is described, along with a CMB lensing likelihood. Scientific results include cosmological parameters derived from CMB power spectra, gravitational lensing, and cluster counts, as well as constraints on inflation, non-Gaussianity, primordial magnetic fields, dark energy, and modified gravity, and new results on low-frequency Galactic foregrounds.

Status of Neutrino Properties and Future Prospects—Cosmological and Astrophysical Constraints

“…The mission, named Cosmic ORigin Explorer (CORE), is designed to have 19 frequency channels in the range 60 − 600 GHz for simultaneously solving for CMB and foreground signals, angular resolution in the range 2 ′ − 18 ′ depending on the frequency channel and aggregate sensitivity of 2 µK · arcmin [32] (for comparison, the Planck satellite has 9 frequency channels in the range 30 − 900 GHz, angular resolution in the range 5 ′ − 33 ′ and the most sensitive channel shows a temperature noise of 0.55 µK · deg at 143 GHz [135]). This experimental setup would enable to constrain m ν = (0.072 +0.037 −0.051 ) eV at 68% CL assuming a CDM model with a fiducial value of the sum of the neutrino masses m ν = 0.06 eV, for the combination of CORE TT,TE,EE,PP (temperature and E-polarization auto and cross spectra and lensing power spectrum PP) [132].…”

Testing the Interacting Dark Energy Model with Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy and Observational Hubble Data

“…• CMB: The CMB data from Planck 2015 measurements [1,2] have been used in our analysis. Here, we combine the likelihood of full Planck temperature-only C TT l with the low−l polarization C TE l + C EE l + C BB l , which in notation is the same as the "PlanckTT + lowP" of [3].…”

“…A cosmological constant Λ with equation of state w Λ = −1 is the simplest candidate of dark energy, which could be favored by the CMB data sets from Planck 2015 [1][2][3]; however, it is plagued with the fine-tuning problem and coincidence problem [4][5][6].…”

High-Energy Neutron Backgrounds for Underground Dark Matter Experiments

“…There is persuasive observational evidence, e.g. the anisotropy spectrum of the CMB measured by Planck [3], that stronly supports the flatness of the universe. With an equation of state p = ωρ (constant ω = 1/3 for radiation, and ω = 0 for matter), the scale factor evolving over time is then solved from the Friedmann equations, a ∝t 1/2 (for radiation); a ∝t 2/3 (for matter).…”

“…Constraint on the baryon density from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, taken from [4]. Colored bands show the predictions for four light isotopes- 4 He, deuterium, 3 He, and lithium. Boxes (arrows) show the measured ranges (limits).…”