<i>Notes from the Field</i>: Evidence of Zika Virus Infection in Brain and Placental Tissues from Two Congenitally Infected Newborns and Two Fetal Losses — Brazil, 2015

Martines, Roosecelis B; Bhatnagar, Julu; Keating, M. Kelly; Silva‐Flannery, Luciana; Muehlenbachs, Atis; Gary, Joy; Goldsmith, Cynthia S.; Hale, Gillian; Ritter, Jana M.; Rollin, Dominique; Shieh, Wun‐Ju; Luz, Kléber Giovanni; Ramos, Ana Maria de Oliveira; Davi, Helaine Pompeia Freire; Oliveria, Wanderson Kleber de; Lanciotti, Robert S.; Lambert, Amy J.; Zaki, Sherif R.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6506e1er

Cited by 68 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Similar results were obtained in a study involving two miscarriages and two microcephalic newborns in Brazil, with histopathological changes limited to the brain and including parenchymal calcification, microglial nodules, gliosis, cell degeneration, and necrosis (64) .…”

Section: Zika Virus and Microcephalysupporting

confidence: 86%

“…One could easily postulate that these innate immune mobile cells were acting as Trojan horses, carrying the virus from the mother to her fetus (63) . Zika virus proteins were also detected in the chorionic villi in one case of miscarriage in Brazil (64) . These results confirmed that the virus reached the placental tissue in infected pregnant women.…”

Section: Zika Virus: Old and Newly Identified Transmission Modesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Viral antigens were detected in mononuclear cells in the brain tissue of one of these newborns, a possible outcome of viral invasion of the host immune cells (64) . Although these studies confirmed neurotropism of the Zika virus once it has passed through the placental barrier during pregnancy, they did not explain how the virus damages the neural cells.…”

Section: Zika Virus: Old and Newly Identified Transmission Modesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Furthermore, normal blood flow from the mother to the fetus was observed despite focal calcifications in villi and decidua (30) . In one case of miscarriage, heterogeneous chorionic villi calcification, fibrosis, perivillous fibrin deposition, patchy intervillositis, and focal villitis were noted (64) .…”

Section: Zika Virus and Microcephalymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Placental structure and function seem to be preserved during Zika virus infection (64) , since the reduction in newborn size and trophoblastic invasion and preterm deliveries are not so frequent (73) . Furthermore, normal blood flow from the mother to the fetus was observed despite focal calcifications in villi and decidua (30) .…”

Section: Zika Virus and Microcephalymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zika virus: what do we know about the viral structure, mechanisms of transmission, and neurological outcomes?

Silva

Souza

2016

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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The Zika virus epidemic that started in Brazil in 2014 has spread to >30 countries and territories in Latin America, leading to a rapid rise in the incidence of microcephalic newborns and adults with neurological complications. At the beginning of the outbreak, little was known about Zika virus morphology, genome structure, modes of transmission, and its potential to cause neurological malformations and disorders. With the advancement of basic science, discoveries of the mechanisms of strain variability, viral transfer to the fetus, and neurovirulence were published. These will certainly lead to the development of strategies to block vertical viral transmission, neuronal invasion, and pathogenesis in the near future. This paper reviews the current literature on Zika virus infections, with the aim of gaining a holistic insight into their etiology and pathogenesis. We discuss Zika virus history and epidemiology in Brazil, viral structure and taxonomy, old and newly identified transmission modes, and neurological consequences of infection.

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Section: Zika Virus and Microcephalysupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Zika Virus: Old and Newly Identified Transmission Modesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Zika Virus: Old and Newly Identified Transmission Modesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Zika Virus and Microcephalymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Zika Virus and Microcephalymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Zika virus: what do we know about the viral structure, mechanisms of transmission, and neurological outcomes?

Silva

Souza

2016

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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What Pediatricians and Other Clinicians Should Know About Zika Virus

Kline

Schutze

2016

JAMA Pediatr

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Optimization of commercially available Zika virus antibodies for use in a laboratory‐developed immunohistochemical assay

Bollweg

Silva‐Flannery

Spivey

et al. 2017

The Journal of Pathology CR

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Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause adverse fetal outcomes and severe irreversible congenital birth defects including microcephaly. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting ZIKV antigens in tissues from cases of fetal loss in women infected with ZIKV, and for providing insights into disease pathogenesis. As a result, there is increasing demand for commercially available ZIKV antibodies for use in IHC assays. ZIKV antibodies were selected and obtained from commercial sources to include both mouse and rabbit hosts, and a variety of antigenic targets. Pretreatment conditions and antibody concentrations resulting in optimal immunohistochemical staining were determined using ZIKV cell control and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐confirmed ZIKV case control material (fetal brain tissue). Cross‐reactivity of the antibodies against other flaviviruses (dengue virus serogroups 1–4, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus) and chikungunya virus was also evaluated. Immunostaining using the commercially available antibodies was compared to a previously validated ZIKV IHC assay used for primary diagnosis. Four antibodies demonstrated optimal staining similar to the previously validated ZIKV IHC assay. Two of the four antibodies cross‐reacted with dengue virus, while the other two antibodies showed no cross‐reactivity with dengue, other flaviviruses, or chikungunya virus. Differences in the cross‐reactivity profiles could not be entirely explained by the antigenic target. Commercially available ZIKV antibodies can be optimized for use in IHC testing to aid in ZIKV diagnostic testing and an evaluation of tissue tropism.

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Notes from the Field: Evidence of Zika Virus Infection in Brain and Placental Tissues from Two Congenitally Infected Newborns and Two Fetal Losses — Brazil, 2015

Cited by 68 publications

References 5 publications

Zika virus: what do we know about the viral structure, mechanisms of transmission, and neurological outcomes?

Zika virus: what do we know about the viral structure, mechanisms of transmission, and neurological outcomes?

What Pediatricians and Other Clinicians Should Know About Zika Virus

Optimization of commercially available Zika virus antibodies for use in a laboratory‐developed immunohistochemical assay

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