<i>Nitrososphaeria</i>

Kerou, Melina; Alves, Ricardo J. Eloy; Schleper, Christa

doi:10.1002/9781118960608.cbm00055

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Our extended tree recovered the major clades of AOA as described previously with a smaller data set ( 10 ), separating all AOA into the following four orders: “ Ca. Nitrosopumilales” from mostly marine environments and sediments and with rather small genomes (<2 Mbp; Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to methanogens, AOA form a monophyletic lineage now classified as Nitrososphaeria within the phylum Thaumarchaeota ( 10 ). Based on environmental studies and genomic data, this taxon comprises thermophilic species growing at around 70°C ( 11 – 13 ), but most cultivated organisms stem from ocean waters and soils ( 1 – 3 , 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ancestral Reconstructions Decipher Major Adaptations of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea upon Radiation into Moderate Terrestrial and Marine Environments

Abby

Kerou

Schleper

2020

mBio

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Unlike all other archaeal lineages, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) of the phylum Thaumarchaeota are widespread and abundant in all moderate and oxic environments on Earth. The evolutionary adaptations that led to such unprecedented ecological success of a microbial clade characterized by highly conserved energy and carbon metabolisms have, however, remained underexplored. Here, we reconstructed the genomic content and growth temperature of the ancestor of all AOA, as well as the ancestors of the marine and soil lineages, based on 39 available complete or nearly complete genomes of AOA. Our evolutionary scenario depicts an extremely thermophilic, autotrophic, aerobic ancestor from which three independent lineages of a marine and two terrestrial groups radiated into moderate environments. Their emergence was paralleled by (i) a continuous acquisition of an extensive collection of stress tolerance genes mostly involved in redox maintenance and oxygen detoxification, (ii) an expansion of regulatory capacities in transcription and central metabolic functions, and (iii) an extended repertoire of cell appendages and modifications related to adherence and interactions with the environment. Our analysis provides insights into the evolutionary transitions and key processes that enabled the conquest of the diverse environments in which contemporary AOA are found.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestral Reconstructions Decipher Major Adaptations of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea upon Radiation into Moderate Terrestrial and Marine Environments

Abby

Kerou

Schleper

2020

mBio

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“…Our extended tree recovered the major clades of AOA as described earlier with a smaller dataset 30 , separating all AOA into four orders: Ca . Nitrosopumilales from mostly marine environments and sediments and with rather smaller genomes (< 2 Mbp, see Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestral reconstructions decipher major adaptations of ammonia oxidizing archaea upon radiation into moderate terrestrial and marine environments

Abby

Kerou

Schleper

2020

Preprint

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Unlike all other archaeal lineages, ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) of the phylum Thaumarchaea are widespread and abundant in all moderate and oxic environments on Earth. The evolutionary adaptations that led to such unprecedented ecological success of a microbial clade characterized by highly conserved energy and carbon metabolisms have, however, remained underexplored. Here we reconstructed the genomic content and growth temperature of the ancestor of all AOA as well as the ancestors of the marine and soil lineages based on 39 available complete or nearly complete genomes of AOA. Our evolutionary scenario depicts an extremely thermophilic autotrophic, aerobic ancestor from which three independent lineages of a marine and two terrestrial groups radiated into moderate environments. Their emergence was paralleled by (I) a continuous acquisition of an extensive collection of stress tolerance genes mostly involved in redox maintenance and oxygen detoxification, (II) an expansion of regulatory capacities in transcription and central metabolic functions and (III) an extended repertoire of cell appendages and modifications related to adherence and interactions with the environment. Our analysis provides insights into the evolutionary transitions and key processes that enabled the conquest of the diverse environments in which contemporary AOA are found.

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“…The presence of a full 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate carbon fixation pathway and all genes for gluconeogenesis indicates that Ca . N. arcticus Kfb is in principle capable of autotrophic growth like other AOA strains (Könneke et al, 2014; Kerou et al, 2016b). The organism can also produce polyhydroxyalcanoates as carbon storage compounds (Poli et al, 2011) and compatible solutes (mannosylglycerate) (Empadinhas and da Costa, 2008), like several other AOA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Oxidation by the Arctic Terrestrial Thaumarchaeote Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus arcticus Is Stimulated by Increasing Temperatures

et al. 2019

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Climate change is causing arctic regions to warm disproportionally faster than those at lower latitudes, leading to alterations in carbon and nitrogen cycling, and potentially higher greenhouse gas emissions. It is thus increasingly important to better characterize the microorganisms driving arctic biogeochemical processes and their potential responses to changing conditions. Here, we describe a novel thaumarchaeon enriched from an arctic soil, Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus arcticus strain Kfb, which has been maintained for seven years in stable laboratory enrichment cultures as an aerobic ammonia oxidizer, with ammonium or urea as substrates. Genomic analyses show that this organism harbors all genes involved in ammonia oxidation and in carbon fixation via the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle, characteristic of all AOA, as well as the capability for urea utilization and potentially also for heterotrophic metabolism, similar to other AOA. Ca . N. arcticus oxidizes ammonia optimally between 20 and 28°C, well above average temperatures in its native high arctic environment (−13–4°C). Ammonia oxidation rates were nevertheless much lower than those of most cultivated mesophilic AOA (20–45°C). Intriguingly, we repeatedly observed apparent faster growth rates (based on marker gene counts) at lower temperatures (4–8°C) but without detectable nitrite production. Together with potential metabolisms predicted from its genome content, these observations indicate that Ca . N. arcticus is not a strict chemolithotrophic ammonia oxidizer and add to cumulating evidence for a greater metabolic and physiological versatility of AOA. The physiology of Ca . N. arcticus suggests that increasing temperatures might drastically affect nitrification in arctic soils by stimulating archaeal ammonia oxidation.

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Nitrososphaeria

Cited by 20 publications

References 66 publications

Ancestral Reconstructions Decipher Major Adaptations of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea upon Radiation into Moderate Terrestrial and Marine Environments

Ancestral Reconstructions Decipher Major Adaptations of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea upon Radiation into Moderate Terrestrial and Marine Environments

Ancestral reconstructions decipher major adaptations of ammonia oxidizing archaea upon radiation into moderate terrestrial and marine environments

Ammonia Oxidation by the Arctic Terrestrial Thaumarchaeote Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus arcticus Is Stimulated by Increasing Temperatures

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