<i>Mycosphaerella graminicola</i>: latent infection, crop devastation and genomics

Palmer, Claire-Louise; Skinner, Wendy

doi:10.1046/j.1464-6722.2002.00100.x

Cited by 85 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…For instance, particularly strong STB pressures inflicted drastic yield losses during the 2016 season in Northern France: losses reached around 2.5 tons per hectare, which amounts to 36% of the total yield [20]. Furthermore, there are, so far, no wheat cultivars which are totally resistant to Z. tritici, and only the use of conventional fungicides can prevent massive yield losses [21,22]. The development of new and efficient biocontrol tools for wheat protection is thus critical [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactin Protects Wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici and Activates Both Salicylic Acid- and Jasmonic Acid-Dependent Defense Responses

et al. 2018

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Natural elicitors induce plant resistance against a broad spectrum of diseases, and are currently among the most promising biocontrol tools. The present study focuses on the elicitor properties of the cyclic lipopeptide surfactin on wheat, in order to stimulate the defenses of this major crop against the challenging fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. The protection efficacy of surfactin extracted from the strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S499 was investigated through greenhouse trials. Surfactin protected wheat by 70% against Z. tritici, similarly to the chemical reference elicitor Bion ® 50WG. In vitro biocidal assays revealed no antifungal activities of surfactin towards the pathogen. A biomolecular RT-qPCR based low-density microarray tool was used to study the relative expression of 23 wheat defense genes. Surfactin significantly induced wheat natural defenses by stimulating both salicylic acid-and jasmonic acid-dependent signaling pathways. Surfactin was successfully tested as an elicitor on the pathosystem wheat-Z. tritici. These results promote further sustainable agricultural practices and the reduction of chemical inputs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactin Protects Wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici and Activates Both Salicylic Acid- and Jasmonic Acid-Dependent Defense Responses

et al. 2018

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“…For others, an initial biotrophic phase is followed by a necrotrophic one in which the host cells are killed and the fungus feeds off the spoils of the dead plant cells. Much of what is known about biotrophic fungi and their metabolism has been studied on nonobligate biotrophs, such as Cladosporium fulvum (Thomma et al, 2005), Magnaporthe grisea (Talbot, 2003), and Mycosphaerella graminicola (Palmer and Skinner, 2002). Much less is known about the obligate biotrophs, such as rust fungi or the powdery mildews.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression Profiles of Blumeria graminis Indicate Dynamic Changes to Primary Metabolism during Development of an Obligate Biotrophic Pathogen

et al. 2005

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cDNA microarrays of Blumeria graminis f sp hordei transcript profiles during the asexual development cycle reveal the dynamics of global gene expression as the fungus germinates, penetrates, feeds on its host, and produces masses of conidia for dispersal. The expression profiles of genes encoding enzymes involved in primary metabolism show that there is a striking degree of coordinate regulation of some of the genes in the same pathway. In one example, genes encoding several glycolytic enzymes are significantly upregulated as mature appressoria form and also in infected epidermis, which contain fungal haustoria. In another example, mRNAs for lipid degrading enzymes are initially expressed at high levels in the conidia and the early germination stages and decrease significantly later. We discuss these results and draw inferences on the metabolic status of this obligate biotrophic fungus as it infects its host and completes its life cycle.

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“…The increasing interest in this fungus has been stimulated by the prevalence of this pathogen in the major wheat production areas (Eyal and Levy, 1987;Eyal, 1999). Despite its strong economic significance (Scharen, 1999), the molecular and biochemical basis of its pathogenicity are still poorly understood (Palmer and Skinner, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycosphaerella graminicola produces a range of cell wall-degrading enzyme activities in vitro that vary with the carbon source

et al. 2006

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In this study, two Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates produced a range of cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDE) in vitro that can potentially degrade wheat cell walls. The influence of three carbon sources on CWDE in vitro production was tested: 1) 1 % galactose (w/v), 2) 1% wheat cell walls (w/v) and 3) a mixture of 1% galactose (w/v) and 1% wheat cell walls (w/v). Six major activities produced by both isolates were detected: xylanase, b-1,3-glucanase, polygalacturonase, cellulase, b-xylosidase and b-galactosidase. Time-course experiments showed that different levels of enzyme activities were obtained with isolates 323 and 94269. These activities levels varied also with the type of carbon source used. Principal Component Analysis showed that the enzyme activities are gathered into two groups. None of the activities of the first group was correlated to the activities of the second group. It also showed that the optimal medium that allowed the production of most of the major activities contained both galactose and wheat cell walls.

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Mycosphaerella graminicola: latent infection, crop devastation and genomics

Abstract: , , .

Cited by 85 publications

References 57 publications

Surfactin Protects Wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici and Activates Both Salicylic Acid- and Jasmonic Acid-Dependent Defense Responses

Surfactin Protects Wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici and Activates Both Salicylic Acid- and Jasmonic Acid-Dependent Defense Responses

Gene Expression Profiles of Blumeria graminis Indicate Dynamic Changes to Primary Metabolism during Development of an Obligate Biotrophic Pathogen

Mycosphaerella graminicola produces a range of cell wall-degrading enzyme activities in vitro that vary with the carbon source

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