<i>Mortierella</i> species from declining <i>Araucaria araucana</i> trees in Patagonia, Argentina

Vélez, María Laura; Marfetán, Jorge A.; Salomón, María Eugenia Salgado; Taccari, Leonardo E.

doi:10.1111/efp.12591

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These include Diplodia africana , Diplodia mutila , and Neofusicoccum nonquaesitum residing in the Botryosphaeriaceae, and two species of Mortierella (Mortierellales: Mortierellomycotina), namely Mortierella alpina and Mortierella sp. (Vélez et al, 2020). D. africana was associated with twig die‐back on a single A .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…nonquaesitum were found on ornamental trees outside their natural range (Besoain et al, 2017; Pérez et al, 2018). The two Mortierella species were seldom recovered, and each was only recorded from a single location in the Argentinian Araucaria population (Vélez et al, 2020). None of these fungi are known to be primary pathogens and they appear to be associated with localized problems rather than linked to a widely distributed disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During 2015, severe crown disease symptoms were observed on A . araucana trees in most of its natural range in Chile (CONAF, 2018) and Argentina (Vélez et al, 2020). Trees exhibited a variety of symptoms on their leaves and branches, leading to the hypothesis that the problem could be related to abiotic factors and stress, potentially including climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pewenomyces kutranfy gen. nov. et sp. nov. causal agent of an important canker disease on Araucaria araucana in Chile

2021

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Araucaria araucana, (commonly referred to as araucaria, pewen, or monkey puzzle tree) is an ancient conifer endemic to the Chilean and Argentinian mountain ranges where it has a sacred relevance to indigenous communities. During 2015, a serious disease was noticed on trees of all ages in most of the natural distribution of this iconic tree. Four areas were surveyed, and the most important symptoms of the disease were cankers on branches and stems resulting in copious resin exudation. Trees were monitored for a period of two years and isolations were made from the cankers. Field observations showed that the disease typically begins on the leaves or at the leaf bases and progresses downwards to initiate cankers that can girdle branches or stems within a two‐year period. Black ascomata, resembling those of Caliciopsis species previously described from A. araucana, were consistently found developing in the cankers from which isolations were made. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS, nucSSU, and nucLSU gene regions showed that the fungus resides in the Coryneliaceae but is distinct from other genera in that family. The morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of the fungus show that it represents a new genus and species, described here as Pewenomyces kutranfy gen. nov. et sp. nov. Pathogenicity trials on trees under field conditions confirmed that this newly described fungus is able to cause cankers on A. araucana similar to those found under natural conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pewenomyces kutranfy gen. nov. et sp. nov. causal agent of an important canker disease on Araucaria araucana in Chile

2021

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“…Further, this species exhibited a higher relative abundance of Mucoromycota and Mortierellomycota than in N. dombeyi . Taxa from these phyla were known as soil inhabitants but recently were discovered as root and stem endophytes, suggesting their capacity for systemic plant colonization from soil (Rim et al, 2021; Vélez et al, 2020). Overall, there is an abundance of taxa with xylophilous and saprophytic strategies in Nothofagus LWIF communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sapwood mycobiome varies across host, plant compartment and environments in Nothofagus forests from Northern Patagonia

et al. 2022

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Global forests are increasingly being threatened by altered climatic conditions and increased attacks by pests and pathogens. The complex ecological interactions among pathogens, microbial communities, tree hosts and the environment are important drivers of forest dynamics. Little is known about the ecology of forest pathology and related microbial communities in temperate forests of the southern hemisphere. In this study, we used next‐generation sequencing to characterize sapwood‐inhabiting fungal communities in North Patagonian Nothofagus forests and assessed patterns of diversity of taxa and ecological guilds across climatic, site and host variables (health condition and compartment) as a contribution to Nothofagus autecology. The diversity patterns inferred through the metabarcoding analysis were similar to those obtained through culture‐dependent approaches. However, we detected additional heterogeneity and greater richness with culture‐free methods. Host species was the strongest driver of fungal community structure and composition, while host health status was the weakest. The relative impacts of site, season, plant compartment and health status were different for each tree species; these differences can be interpreted as a matter of water availability. For Nothofagus dombeyi, which is distributed across a wide range of climatic conditions, site was the strongest driver of community composition. The microbiome of N. pumilio varied more with season and temperature, a relevant factor for forest conservation in the present climate change scenario. Both species carry a number of potential fungal pathogens in their sapwood, whether they exhibit symptoms or not. Our results provide insight into the diversity of fungi associated with the complex pathobiome of the dominant Nothofagus species in southern South America.

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“…Si bien en Chile se identificó un nuevo género de hongo (Pewenomyces kutranfy) que en condiciones controladas reproduce los mismos síntomas de daños sobre ramas, raíces y tallos que en el bosque desencadenan la pérdida parcial o total del follaje, y que en Argentina se detectaron hongos del género Mortierella spp. que también son dañinos (Vélez et al 2020, Balocchi et al 2021, otras investigaciones comienzan a mostrar el nexo entre el decaimiento y los eventos extremos de sequía.…”

Section: La Reacción Del Ecosistema Del Pewén Ante El Cambio Climáticounclassified

Información científica clave para la gestión y conservación del ecosistema biocultural del Pewén en Chile y Argentina

Sanguinetti,

Ditgen,

Donoso-Calderón

et al. 2023

Bosque (Valdivia)

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The forest of Araucaria araucana ("pewen" in Mapuche language), with its associated species of the genus Nothofagus, is unique from an evolutionary, biological and sociocultural point of view. Due to the interdependence and interrelation with the Mapuche-Pewenche people, it is considered a biocultural ecosystem. This work is a comprehensive binational review of current scientific information applicable to its management and conservation. The scientific community contributed with significant advances in the knowledge of: a) the interrelationships within and significance of this biocultural ecosystem; b) the regional genetic diversity; c) the fire regimen, its main drivers, its role in forest dynamics, and the recovery capacity of biodiversity in the face of different burn severities; d) the ecological role of seed production and its unusual interactions with granivorous fauna and cavity nesters; e) the decline and death of the canopy, due to environmental stress and the emergence of new pewen pathogens; f) the consequences of the invasion of pines and exotic mammals that alter the biological interactions and the original ecological processes, and g) the effects of cattle ranching and overexploitation of firewood and pine nuts on ecological integrity and biodiversity. This knowledge is considered essential to strengthen policies and strategies for protection, conservation, and management of this ecosystem, which is endemic, rare, regionally threatened, and globally declared endangered. Considering the identified problems, it is imperative to achieve social empowerment of the Mapuche-Pehuenche people, intercultural respect, and enforcing public policies for the conservation and sustainable use of these forests.

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Mortierella species from declining Araucaria araucana trees in Patagonia, Argentina

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Pewenomyces kutranfy gen. nov. et sp. nov. causal agent of an important canker disease on Araucaria araucana in Chile

Pewenomyces kutranfy gen. nov. et sp. nov. causal agent of an important canker disease on Araucaria araucana in Chile

Sapwood mycobiome varies across host, plant compartment and environments in Nothofagus forests from Northern Patagonia

Información científica clave para la gestión y conservación del ecosistema biocultural del Pewén en Chile y Argentina

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