In vivoeffect of industrial titanium dioxide nanoparticles experimentally exposed to hairless rat skin

Abstract

We morphologically investigated animal skin exposed to W/O emulsion containing 10 wt % ultrafine TiO(2) particles that had been characterized. After 4 h, exposed skin was investigated by light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). Light microscopic evaluation was also performed on the exposed skin after 24, 72 and 168 h. Light microscopy did not show any morphological and immunohistochemical changes in the skin. Electron microscopy revealed that the most TiO(2) particles were localized in the interfollicular stratum disjunctum and the keratinized layer of follicular infundibulum. No TiO(2) particles were detected in the viable skin, which was confirmed by EDX. Furthermore, we demonstrated a specific TiO(2) affinity to the follicular opening area by light microscopy and low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy with EDX. Our study suggests that TiO(2) particles neither penetrate into viable cell layers nor biologically cause any cellular changes.

Excess titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the cell surface induce cytotoxicity by hindering ion exchange and disrupting exocytosis processes

“…Some studies showed that nano-TiO 2 features a low, if not negligible, toxicity. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] In contrast, many other studies indicated that nano-TiO 2 exhibit cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to various cell models such as fibroblasts, macrophages, keratinocytes, epithelial cells, and liver cells. 2,25,32,33 As stated above, the mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by different types of nanoparticles is complex and is yet to be fully understood.…”

Detection of cellular response to titanium dioxide nanoparticle agglomerates by sensor cells using heat shock protein promoter

“…Because large amounts of TiO 2 nanoparticles are used in pharmaceutical and skin care products, there is great potential for them to be ingested and impact people's health (Adachi et al, 2010; Burnett and Wang, 2011; Kiss et al, 2008; Liu et al, 2010; Long et al, 2006; Sadrieh et al, 2010; Schulz et al, 2002; Wu et al, 2009). In order to use them advisably, it is important to know the interaction mechanisms between bio‐nanomaterials and cells.…”

Cell membrane integrity and internalization of ingested TiO2 nanoparticles by digestive gland cells of a terrestrial isopod

“…In light of these results, we can explain the findings of Adachi et al [11] and Sadrieh et al [22]. The exposure concentrations in their experiments were too low to cause cell membrane destabilization and subsequent cellular internalization.…”

“…Adachi et al [11] reported that no TiO 2 particles could be found in viable skin, and the findings of Sadrieh et al [22] also indicate no significant penetration of TiO 2 nanoparticles through the intact normal epidermis. Adachi et al [11] reported that no TiO 2 particles could be found in viable skin, and the findings of Sadrieh et al [22] also indicate no significant penetration of TiO 2 nanoparticles through the intact normal epidermis.…”