<i>In Vivo</i> Detection of Gold Nanoshells in Tumors Using Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) may be used as a contrast agent to identifytumour location and can be modified to target-and image-specific tumour biological parameters. There are currently no imaging systems in the literature that have sufficient sensitivity to GNP concentration and distribution measurement at sufficient tissue depth for use in in vivo and in vitro studies. We have demonstrated that high detecting sensitivity of GNPs can be achieved using x-ray fluorescence; furthermore this technique enables higher depth imaging in comparison to optical modalities. Two x-ray fluorescence systems were developed and used to image a range of GNP imaging phantoms. The first system consisted of a 10 mm 2 silicon drift detector coupled to a slightly focusing polycapillary optic which allowed 2D energy resolved imaging in step and scan mode. The system has sensitivity to GNP concentrations as low as 1 ppm. GNP concentrations different by a factor of 5 could be resolved, offering potential to distinguish tumour from non-tumour. The second system was designed to avoid slow step and scan image acquisition; the feasibility of excitation of the whole specimen with a wide beam and detection of the fluorescent x-rays with a pixellated controlled drift energy resolving detector without scanning was investigated. A parallel polycapillary optic coupled to the detector was successfully used to ascertain the position where fluorescence was emitted. The tissue penetration of the technique was demonstrated to be sufficient for nearsurface small-animal studies, and for imaging 3D in vitro cellular constructs. Previous work demonstrates strong potential for both imaging systems to form quantitative images of GNP concentration.

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“…Author: Please check whether the journal title is okay as amended in reference 'Zaman et al (2007)'.…”

Section: Q1mentioning

confidence: 99%

An x-ray fluorescence imaging system for gold nanoparticle detection

et al. 2013

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“…Clinical Imaging modalities generally include complementary techniques [14] such as: optical imaging, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [24][25][26][27] computed tomography (CT), [28] ultrasound imaging (USI) [29][30][31][32][33] positron emission tomography (PET) [34][35][36][37] and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) [38][39][40]. Other techniques are also scrutinized, for example multi-photon plasmon resonance microscopy, [41] optical coherence tomography (OCT), [42] surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), [15,[43][44][45][46][47] and diffuse optical spectroscopy [48]. Some of these techniques enable entire-organism anatomical imaging (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized nanomaterials: their use as contrast agents in bioimaging: mono- and multimodal approaches

Trequesser¹,

Seznec²,

Delville³

2016

Nano Online

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The successful development of nanomaterials illustrates the considerable interest in the development of new molecular probes for medical diagnosis and imaging. Substantial progress was made in synthesis protocol and characterization of these materials whereas toxicological issues are sometimes incomplete. Nanoparticle-based contrast agents tend to become efficient tools for enhancing medical diagnostics and surgery for a wide range of 2 imaging modalities. Multimodal nanoparticles (NPs) are much more efficient than conventional molecular-scale contrast agents. They provide new abilities for in vivo detection and enhanced targeting efficiencies through longer circulation times, designed clearance pathways, and multiple binding capacities. Properly protected, they can safely be used for the fabrication of various functional systems with targeting properties, reduced toxicity and proper removal from the body. This review mainly describes the advances in the development of mono-to multimodal NPs and their in vitro and in vivo relevant biomedical applications ranging from imaging and tracking to cancer treatment. Besides specific applications for classical imaging, (MRI, PET, CT, US, PAI) are also mentioned less common imaging techniques such as terahertz molecular imaging (THMI) or ion beam analysis (IBA).Perspectives on multimodal theranostic NPs and their potential for clinical advances are also mentioned.

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“…Detecting Au NPs in cell cultures or relatively thin layers of tissues can be achieved using various optical microscopy techniques 5 or optical coherence tomography. 6 For thicker layers or organs, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, 7 photoacoustics, 8 or nonoptical methods, such as computed tomography (CT), 9 can be employed. All methods have their own merits and limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Then, optical properties of the turbid medium with Au NPs can be obtained by fitting experimental spectra to the model. 7 A clear understanding of how the measured quantity is related to optical properties of Au NPs is of paramount importance in such studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interstitial diffuse radiance spectroscopy of gold nanocages and nanorods in bulk muscle tissues

Grabtchak

Montgomery

Pang

et al. 2015

IJN

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Radiance spectroscopy was applied to the interstitial detection of localized inclusions containing Au nanocages or nanorods with various concentrations embedded in porcine muscle phantoms. The radiance was quantified using a perturbation approach, which enabled the separation of contributions from the porcine phantom and the localized inclusion, with the inclusion serving as a perturbation probe of photon distributions in the turbid medium. Positioning the inclusion at various places in the phantom allowed for tracking of photons that originated from a light source, passed through the inclusion’s location, and reached a detector. The inclusions with high extinction coefficients were able to absorb nearly all photons in the range of 650–900 nm, leading to a spectrally flat radiance signal. This signal could be converted to the relative density of photons incident on the inclusion. Finally, the experimentally measured quantities were expressed via the relative perturbation and arranged into the classical Beer–Lambert law that allowed one to extract the extinction coefficients of various types of Au nanoparticles in both the transmission and back reflection geometries. It was shown that the spatial variation of perturbation could be described as 1/ r dependence, where r is the distance between the inclusion and the detector. Due to a larger absorption cross section, Au nanocages produced greater perturbations than Au nanorods of equal particle concentration, indicating a better suitability of Au nanocages as contrast agents for optical measurements in turbid media. Individual measurements from different inclusions were combined into detectability maps.

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In Vivo Detection of Gold Nanoshells in Tumors Using Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy

Cited by 65 publications

References 15 publications

An x-ray fluorescence imaging system for gold nanoparticle detection

An x-ray fluorescence imaging system for gold nanoparticle detection

Functionalized nanomaterials: their use as contrast agents in bioimaging: mono- and multimodal approaches

Interstitial diffuse radiance spectroscopy of gold nanocages and nanorods in bulk muscle tissues

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