In vitrovascularization of a combined system based on a 3D printing technique

Abstract

A vital challenge in complex organ manufacturing is to vascularize large combined tissues. The aim of this study is to vascularize in vitro an adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)/fibrin/collagen incorporated three-dimensional (3D) poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold (10 × 10 × 10 mm ) with interconnected channels. A low-temperature 3D printing technique was employed to build the PLGA scaffold. A step-by-step cocktail procedure was designed to engage or steer the ADSCs in the PLGA channels towards both endothelial and smooth muscle cell lineages. The combined system had sufficient mechanical properties to support the cell/fibrin/collagen hydrogel inside the predefined PLGA channels. The ADSCs encapsulated in the fibrin/collagen hydrogel differentiated to endothelial and smooth muscle cell lineage, respectively, corresponding to their respective locations in the construct and formed vascular-like structures. This technique allows in vitro vascularization of the predefined PLGA channels and provides a choice for complex organ manufacture. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Introducing 3-Dimensional Printing of a Human Anatomic Pathology Specimen: Potential Benefits for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Education and Anatomic Pathology Practice

“…6 By creating a realistic copy of a patient's organ, a 3-dimensionally printed model was used to provide a visual simulation of the surgical field. Simulated surgical maneuvering of organs during surgery was used to evaluate potential risks of surgical complications.…”

Progress in organ 3D bioprinting

“…Extrusion-based bioprinting is a particular deposition process using fluidic polymeric solutions or hydrogels as bioinks ( Figure 2) [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] . The extrusion-based bioprinters are normally consisted of a three-axis automatic extrusion system equipped with a fluid-dispensing nozzle (or head) [25][26][27][28] .…”

“…[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Laser-assisted Relatively high printing resolution (~40 µm); Wide range of printable viscosity; High cell viability (>90%). macromolecule (or polymer) formulation [43] .…”

Creation of a vascular system for organ manufacturing

“…Currently, RP (AM, or 3DP) techniques are the prevailing tools for defining macro-or microenvironment for cell cultures [15][16][17][18][19][20] . There is an increasing interest in the use of RP techniques for cell-laden hydrogel or solution manipulation.…”

“…There is an increasing interest in the use of RP techniques for cell-laden hydrogel or solution manipulation. However, most of the existing RP techniques are mainly used for the manipulation and analysis of one or two cell types in a construct, which are machine dependent and significantly time consuming [15][16][17][18][19][20] . The least progress made in complex organ manufacturing is the development C of a vascular network that can mimic the native counterparts [21,22] .…”