Fusarium solani species complex isolates conspecific with Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 2 from naturally infected human and plant tissue and environmental sources are equally virulent on plants, grow at 37°C and are interfertile

Abstract

In a previous taxonomic study based on multilocus sequencing of Fusarium from clinical specimens and hospital environments, the most common lineage was Fusarium solani species complex group 1 (FSSC 1) which is conspecific with F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 2, a pathogen of cucurbit fruits. The aims of our study were to determine if clinical and environmental isolates of FSSC 1 are plant pathogens and members of the same biological species as cucurbit isolates, and to determine if all isolates can germinate, grow and sporulate at 37 degrees C. Isolates from the different sources did not differ in virulence on zucchini fruits. All FSSC 1 isolates were pathogenic and produced more rot than FSSC isolates from plant hosts other than cucurbits. Both mating types were found among isolates from each of the sources, and all isolates were sexually compatible with cucurbit isolates. All isolates germinated, grew and sporulated at 37 degrees C. This is the first report in which plant pathogenicity has been verified for a collection of human clinical isolates. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that all FSSC 1 isolates, regardless of source, are a single biological species, equally virulent plant pathogens and tolerant of the human body temperature.

Molecular Phylogenetic Diversity, Multilocus Haplotype Nomenclature, and In Vitro Antifungal Resistance within theFusarium solaniSpecies Complex

“…2), and these include FSSC 1 (informally known as F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 2 [29]) and FSSC 8 (Neocosmospora vasinfecta).…”

“…cucurbitae race 2 by plant pathologists (35), and FSSC 8 (Neocosmospora vasinfecta) are the only two species within this complex that have been shown to be pathogenic both to plants and to humans (29,63). As such, they possess the potential to be developed as model system organisms to investigate whether common virulence factors are involved in plant and human pathogenesis (40).…”

Internet-Accessible DNA Sequence Database for Identifying Fusaria from Human and Animal Infections

“…These two species complexes collectively harbor at least 75 species, including 41 associated with mycotic infection of humans and other animals. Multilocus DNA sequence data have proven to be essential for accurately circumscribing species boundaries within Fusarium and also have demonstrated utility in identifying epidemiologically important multilocus haplotypes, such as the widespread F. oxysporum clonal lineage (F. oxysporum species complex 3-a [FOSC 3-a], sequence types [ST] 33, 51, and 58) and FSSC 1-a and 2-d, which appear to be common in water systems (43,54), including those of hospitals, where they pose a significant risk for nosocomial infections (2,58).…”

An Overview of Reclaimed Wastewater Reuse in Gold Heap Leaching

“…Other microorganisms, such as Halomonas (Khamar et al 2015) and Burkholderia (Adjei and Ohta 2000), degrade cyanide via unidentified metabolic pathways. Some of these microorganisms have been isolated from wastewater treatment sources (Mehl andEpstein 2007, Nallapan Maniyam et al 2014). This issue is important because the use of treated wastewater for heap leaching may introduce microbial inoculum, cyanide consumption and metallic complex instabilities to the heap.…”

“…The potential microbial effects on the heap leaching process will be described and discussed in the following sections. Specifically, we introduce cyanide consumption as a possible occurrence because some microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas (Yi et al 2015) and Rhodococcus (Kämpfer et al 2014), and fungi, such as Fusarium solani (Mehl and Epstein 2007), are capable of degrading cyanide bacteria and have been found in wastewater and related processes.…”