Fusarium Species Colonizing Spears and Forming Mycotoxins in Field Samples of Asparagus from Germany and Poland

Abstract

The occurrence of Fusarium spp. and associated mycotoxins in asparagus spears was evaluated in Poland in 2002 and 2003 and in Germany in 2002. Spears of two cultivars, Eposs and Gijnlim, were collected from two locations in Poland, Swidwowiec and Poznan, on sandy and sandy loam soil, respectively. Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum were detected at an average incidence of 38.3% and 15.8% in the spear sections sampled, respectively. In stands of 11 (tested) cultivars of asparagus sampled in Germany on sandy soil, the same species dominated, however, they were less frequent than in Poland (26.6% and 5.6% of the spears infected with F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum, respectively). Chemical analyses revealed that fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) and moniliformin (MON) were present in some of the spears sampled in Poland. FB 1 was not found and MON was not assessed in spears sampled in Germany in 2002, but F. proliferatum was able to form the toxin in vitro in the range from 101.4 up to 205.8 lg/kg maize kernel substrate. Asparagus samples in Poland contained FB 1 at up to 5.6 lg/kg spear fresh weight. The highest MON concentration (1350 lg/kg) was detected in cultivar Eposs in Marcelin, Poland, in 2002. MON and FB 1 were found in spears infected by both F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum, however, only the latter fungus was able to synthesize both toxins.www.blackwell-synergy.com

Occurrence of fumonisins in food – An interdisciplinary approach to the problem

“…There is also evidence that fumonisins occur in other crops such as sorghum, white beans, adzuki beans, mung beans, wheat, barley, soybean, asparagus spears, figs, black tea and medicinal plants (Blok & Bollen, 1995;Karbancioglu-Güler & Heperkan, 2009;Liu et al, 2005;Martins et al, 2001;Omurtag & Yaziciog ˇ l u, 2004;Weber et al, 2006;Wong & Jeffries, 2006). Moreover, in Polish asparagus spears with brown spots and those without disease symptoms the presence of fumonisin B 1 was found within the concentration range of 0.16e152.68 ng g À1 .…”

Formation of fumonisins and other secondary metabolites byFusarium oxysporumandF. proliferatum: a comparative study

“…In an earlier report we indicated that F. oxysporum was frequently found in asparagus spears contaminated with FBs (Weber et al 2006); however, according to the available literature and taking into consideration low concentration levels and sporadic occurrence of the toxins, we concluded that F. oxysporum is not the producer of FBs. Those results were confirmed by later studies (Waskiewicz et al 2010), indicating very low (close to the detection limit) levels of FB in the fungus culture.…”

“…Both F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum are known as the species causing stem and crown rot of asparagus (Weber et al 2006;Waskiewicz et al 2008). F. proliferatum can form a variety of mycotoxins including fumonisins (FBs), beauvericin (BEA) and moniliformin (MON) (Shephard et al 1990), while F. oxysporum is mainly recognized as a MON producer (Logrieco et al 2003).…”

Fusarium oxysporum- und F. proliferatum-Isolate aus Spargel und deren Pathogenitätsüberprüfung in einer modifizierten in vitro-Schnelltestmethode

“…in abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen Standortbedingungen treten dabei weltweit am häufigsten F. oxysporum Schlecht. und F. proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg auf (Blok und Bollen 1995;elmer et al 1996;Goßmann et al 2001Goßmann et al , 2005Goßmann et al , 2008logrieco et al 1998;Weber et al 2006). Fäulen an den Wurzeln, den rhizomen und der Stängelbasis, irreversiblen Welken und Degenerationen, sowie Mykotoxine, die durch diese Fusarium-arten gebildet werden können, bedingen ertragsminderungen in Quantität und Qualität bei Spargel.…”