<i>Fundamentals of Acoustics</i>

Kinsler, Lawrence E.; Frey, Austin R.; Mayer, Walter G.

doi:10.1063/1.3051072

Cited by 287 publications

(263 citation statements)

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“…The very simple one dimensional theory of wave propagation in a flexing bar [13] is not accurate enough for a quantitative treatment of the effect of a granular effective mass on the frequency shift and change of quality factor. Basically this is because the ratio of length to thickness of our bar is not large enough (the frequency is not low enough).…”

Section: Timoshenko Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We monitor the flexural modes of the system: The bar is suspended by wire supports attached at the approximate locations of the displacement nodes of the fundamental flex mode of the bar [Table 3.2 of reference [13]]. The purpose here is to minimize any additional dampening in the experiment due to radiation of energy into the bar supports.…”

Section: B Resonant Barmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic effective mass of granular media and the attenuation of structure-borne sound

et al. 2009

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We report a theoretical and experimental investigation into the fundamental physics of why loose granular media are effective deadeners of structure-borne sound. Here we demonstrate that a measurement of the effective mass,M (ω), of the granular medium is a sensitive and direct way to answer the question: What is the specific mechanism whereby acoustic energy is transformed into heat? Specifically, we apply this understanding to the case of the flexural resonances of a rectangular bar with a grain-filled cavity within it. The pore space in the granular medium is air of varying humidity. The dominant features ofM (ω) are a sharp resonance and a broad background, which we analyze within the context of simple models. We find that: a) On a fundamental level, dampening of acoustic modes is dominated by adsorbed films of water at grain-grain contacts, not by global viscous dampening or by attenuation within the grains. b) These systems may be understood, qualitatively, in terms of a height-dependent and diameter-dependent effective sound speed [∼ 100 − 300 (m · s −1 )] and an effective viscosity [∼ 5 × 10 4 Poise]. c) There is an acoustic Janssen effect in the sense that, at any frequency, and depending on the method of sample preparation, approximately one-half of the effective mass is borne by the side walls of the cavity and one-half by the bottom. d) There is a monotonically increasing effect of humidity on the dampening of the fundamental resonance within the granular medium which translates to a non-monotonic, but predictable, variation of dampening within the grain-loaded bar.

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Section: Timoshenko Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Resonant Barmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic effective mass of granular media and the attenuation of structure-borne sound

et al. 2009

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“…This is because the pressure wave penetrates a short distance beyond the end of the tube before partially reflecting back into the tube. I will state here without discussion that this correction is 0.3 D bore (3,13,14). So that the effective length of the tube is L eff bore = L bore + 0.6D bore and the wave lengths of the resonant modes are given by nλ = 2L eff bore , where n is an integer (1,2,3,…).…”

Section: Musical Instrument Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Resonance in Cylindrical Tubes with Side Branches

Schill¹

2013

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Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, ARLApproved for public release; distribution unlimited. ii REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.

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“…where n 1 = 1, 2, 3, and n 2 = 1, 3, 5, , L is the length of the tube, and D is the diameter of the tube [73].…”

Section: Nanoarch Optical Resonatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-optic and Plasmonic Semiconductor-based Nanolasers

Lakhani¹

2012

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Over the past few decades, semiconductor lasers have relentlessly followed the path towards miniaturization. Smaller lasers are more energy efficient, are cheaper to make, and open up new applications in sensing and displays, among many other things. Yet, up until recently, there was a fundamental problem with making lasers smaller: purely semiconductor lasers couldn't be made smaller than the diffraction limit of light.In recent years, however, metal-based lasers have been demonstrated in the nanoscale that have shattered the diffraction limit. As optical materials, metals can be used to either reflect light (metal-optics) or convert light to electrical currents (plasmonics). In both cases, metals have provided ways to squeeze light beyond the diffraction limit. In this dissertation, I experimentally demonstrated one nanolaser based on plasmonic transduction and another laser based on metal-optic reflection.To create coherent plasmons, I designed a nanolaser based on a plasmonic bandgap defect state inside a surface plasmonic crystal. In a one-dimensional periodic semiconductor beam, I was able to confine surface plasmons by interrupting the periodicity of the crystal. These confined surface plasmons then underwent laser oscillations in effective mode volumes as small as 0.007 cubic wavelengths. At this electromagnetic volume, energy was squeezed 10 times smaller than those possible in similar photonic crystals that do not utilize metal. This demonstration should pave the way for achieving engineered nanolasers with deepsubwavelength mode volumes and enable plasmonic crystals to become attractive platforms for designing plasmons.After achieving large reductions in electromagnetic mode volumes, I switched to a metaloptics-based nanolaser design to further reduce the physical volumes of small light sources. The semiconductor nanopatch laser achieved laser oscillations with subwavelength-scale physical dimensions (0.019 cubic wavelengths) and effective mode volumes (0.0017 cubic wavelengths). The ultra-small laser volume is achieved with the presence of nanoscale metal patches which suppress electromagnetic radiation into free-space and convert a leaky cavity into a highly-confined subwavelength optical resonator. The nanopatch laser, with its world-1 record-breaking small physical volume, has exciting implications for data storage, biological sensing, on-chip optical communication, and beyond.2

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Fundamentals of Acoustics

Cited by 287 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamic effective mass of granular media and the attenuation of structure-borne sound

Dynamic effective mass of granular media and the attenuation of structure-borne sound

Acoustic Resonance in Cylindrical Tubes with Side Branches

Metal-optic and Plasmonic Semiconductor-based Nanolasers

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