<i>Echinococcus</i>metacestode: in search of viability markers

Gottstein, Bruno; Wang, Junhua; Blagosklonov, Oleg; Grenouillet, Frédéric; Millon, Laurence; Vuitton, Dominique A.; Müller, Norbert

doi:10.1051/parasite/2014063

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…Even though lesions from infected human patients rarely exhibit brood capsule and protoscolex formation within vesicles, some exceptions have been reported (Gottstein et al, 2014). The E. multilocularis isolate used in these experiments developed numerous protoscoleces in the murine model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

In vivo activity of albendazole in combination with thymol against Echinococcus multilocularis

Albani

Pensel

Elissondo³

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

In vivo activity of albendazole in combination with thymol against Echinococcus multilocularis

Albani

Pensel

Elissondo³

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…The three cases diagnosed as possible AE may have been abortive infections (Rausch and others 1987, Gottstein and others 2014) or represent serological reaction to a current or previous intestinal infestation with adult E. multilocularis (Staebler and others 2006) or following ingestion of eggs without infection (Gottstein and others 1991). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical presentation, diagnosis, therapy and outcome of alveolar echinococcosis in dogs

et al. 2015

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Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a parasitic disease primarily of the liver caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis, is highly endemic in Switzerland. In contrast to well-established management protocols in people, little is known with regard to optimal treatment strategies in dogs. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical signs and diagnostic procedures in dogs with AE and to evaluate outcome following medical treatment alone or surgery and medical treatment. Of 23 putative AE cases between 2004 and 2014, 20 were classified as confirmed (n=18) or probable (n=2) AE, based on abdominal ultrasound, serology, cytology, histology and/or PCR. Most dogs presented with abdominal distension in an advanced stage of disease. Dogs receiving specific treatment (radical or debulking surgery together with medical treatment, or medical treatment alone) survived longer than dogs left untreated, but no difference was found between treatment types. Survival at one year was associated with absence of free abdominal fluid, absence of abdominal distension and treatment of any type. However, dogs treated with debulking surgery all faced relapse. Findings of this study suggest that in AE-affected dogs for which a therapeutic approach is regarded appropriate by owners and veterinarians, radical surgical resection and medical treatment or, if total resection is not possible, medical treatment alone should be considered. However, studies on larger numbers of dogs are necessary before definitive treatment recommendations can be made.

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“…It has been claimed that a substantial proportion of exposed people does not develop alveolar echinococcosis (Gottstein et al, 2014).…”

Section: Knowledge Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinococcus multilocularis infection in animals

Butterworth¹

2015

EFS2

134

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms carnivore species can maintain the lifecycle in the absence of red fox, and this makes it to most relevant target species for surveillance. Movement of infected definitive hosts is an important introduction pathway. The knowledge on the geographical distribution of the environmental factors for the persistence of the lifecycle is scarce. In areas where no suitable autochthonous wild canid hosts and no highly suitable intermediate hosts are present, e.g. Malta, establishment of the EM cycle is considered close to impossible. Such countries do not need to carry out surveillance on domestic dogs to substantiate absence of EM in the relevant animal population. Reconsideration of some aspects of the current legislation regarding surveillance activities might be relevant; for example the identification of epidemiologically relevant units should be independent from political borders. Studies to improve the knowledge on epidemiological risk factors should be encouraged to enable risk-based sampling. Echinococcus notification should always be done at species level in order to discriminate between the more severe alveolar echinococcosis and the cystic echinococcosis. Praziquantel is the substance of choice for the treatment of dogs. However, the treatment window should be reconsidered to reduce the risk of re-infection: a general rule is to treat as close as possible to entry into a non-infected country. There is a lack of standardization of the diagnostic methods between laboratories. The diagnostic sensitivity of the tests should be established in accordance to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) standards for validation. For the time being, the diagnostic sensitivity can be set conservatively to 78%. SCIENTIFIC OPINION © European Food Safety Authority, 2015Keywords: Echinococcus multilocularis, echinococcosis, hosts, risk factors, diagnosis, surveillance, Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.The EFSA Journal is a publication of the European Food Safety Authority, an agency of the European Union. E. multilocularis infections in animalswww.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal 3 EFSA Journal 2015;13(15):4373 SummaryHuman alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the larval stage of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. It is amongst one of the most dangerous zoonoses. Naturally the parasite transmits between foxes or dogs and small mammals whilst humans are aberrant intermediate hosts.In rodents, the larval mass proliferates rapidly by exogenous budding of germinative tissue and produces an alveolar-like pattern of microvesicles filled with protoscolices. In humans, the larval mass resembles a malignancy in appearance and behavior, because it proliferates indefinitely by exogenous budding and invades the surrounding tissues (Moro et al., 2008). Transmission of A...

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Echinococcusmetacestode: in search of viability markers

Cited by 58 publications

References 64 publications

In vivo activity of albendazole in combination with thymol against Echinococcus multilocularis

In vivo activity of albendazole in combination with thymol against Echinococcus multilocularis

Clinical presentation, diagnosis, therapy and outcome of alveolar echinococcosis in dogs

Echinococcus multilocularis infection in animals

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