<i>Candida</i>,<i>Cryptococcus</i>, and Other Yeasts of Medical Importance

Howell, S. A.; Hazen, Kevin C.; Brandt, Mary E.

doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch117

Cited by 47 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 255 publications

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“…Although C. albicans has been found to be the most commonly identified pathogenic yeast species, other Candida species or yeast-like fungi, such as Pichia, Cryptococcus, Saccharomyces, and Trichosporon species, have also been reported to cause infection (5,6). The rapid identification of pathogenic or intrinsically resistant species can be used to narrow therapy options, which might prevent treatment with potentially toxic antifungal agents, thus reducing negative clinical outcomes and costs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages of Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry as a Rapid Diagnostic Tool for Identification of Yeasts and Mycobacteria in the Clinical Microbiological Laboratory

et al. 2013

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages of Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry as a Rapid Diagnostic Tool for Identification of Yeasts and Mycobacteria in the Clinical Microbiological Laboratory

et al. 2013

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“…The differential diagnosis of urease-positive yeasts includes the basidiomycetous organisms Cryptococcus spp., Rhodotorula spp., Malassezia spp., and Trichosporon spp. Although other yeasts, including most Candida spp., are urease negative, Candida lipolytica and some strains of Candida krusei may be urease positive (16). We demonstrated that Rhodotorula can turn the urease slant positive when it is inoculated directly with broth from seeded blood bottles.…”

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confidence: 84%

Endocarditis Caused by Rhodotorula Infection

et al. 2014

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Rhodotorula is an emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen that is rarely reported to cause endocarditis. We describe a case involving a patient who developed endocarditis due to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis, proven by culture and histopathology. The case illustrates the unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges relevant to Rhodotorula spp. CASE REPORTA 54-year-old woman presented to New York Presbyterian Hospital (NYPH) with a 3-week history of fatigue and anorexia. Her past medical history was significant for Staphylococcus aureus aortic valve endocarditis requiring bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement 9 years prior, as well as end-stage renal disease status following renal transplantation which had failed several years previously. She was on hemodialysis at the time of admission. Among other medications, she was taking 5 mg of prednisone daily. After an electrocardiogram revealed bradycardia with complete heart block, she was admitted to the cardiac care unit. On physical examination, the patient appeared nontoxic but chronically ill. She was afebrile and bradycardic with a pulse rate in the 30s and a 2/6 systolic murmur at the right upper sternal border. The site of her tunneled hemodialysis catheter was clean and without purulence. Her admission laboratory tests, including complete blood count, basic metabolic panel, and liver function tests, were unremarkable. Four peripheral blood culture sets were drawn on admission in BacT/Alert standard aerobic (SA) and standard anaerobic (SN) bottles (bioMérieux, Durham, NC) prior to the initiation of antimicrobial therapy. The aerobic and anaerobic bottles of all four sets grew Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antibiotic therapy with vancomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin was initiated. A transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated a 0.4-cm thickening of the aortic valve with a 2-cm extension involving the aortic root, suggestive of abscess. A 0.5-cm by 0.6-cm erratically moving echodensity was also seen on the ventricular side of the aortic valve leaflets, consistent with a vegetation. Singlephoton-emission computed tomography (SPECT) with indium 111-labeled leukocytes revealed increased uptake of indium around the aortic root, consistent with an infectious focus.On hospital day 2, three sets of follow-up peripheral blood cultures were drawn. The aerobic bottle of one set flagged positive on day 5 (day 7 of hospitalization). Gram stain from the bottle revealed oval budding yeast forms with occasional rudimentary pseudohyphae (Fig. 1A). The remaining blood cultures (both routine aerobic/anaerobic and fungal Isolator tubes [Alere, Waltham, MA]) from hospital day 7 were negative for growth. Three subsequent blood culture sets submitted over days 8 and 9 were also negative for growth. The patient was started on empirical micafungin (100 mg per day intravenously) on hospital day 7.Yeast grew rapidly on mycologic media at 30°C and 37°C as smooth, pink to coral colonies. Urease testing was positive. The Vitek2 YST card (code number 21343; bioMérieux)...

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“…Specimens were inoculated onto Sabouraud Dextrose Agar medium (SDA) (Oxoid Ltd., Hampshire, United Kingdom) and incubated at 37°C for 24 h, then colonies were identified as Candida by Gram stained smears (Howell and Hazen, 2011). Further identification to the species level was done by the API Candida system (Bio-Merieux,Marcy-I'Etoile, France).…”

Section: Candida Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistant virulent Candida species colonizing preterm neonates and in vitro promising prospect of chlorhexidine gluconate

Wali¹,

Bassyouni²,

El-Seidi³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The present study aimed to investigate the potential virulence factors and antifungal resistance of 31 Candida albicans and 21 non-albicans Candida isolates colonizing preterm neonates. The study also compared the susceptibility results with the in vitro activity of chlorhexidine in the eradication of Candida colonization. Candida albicans produced significantly more phospholipase and coagulase than non-albicans Candida, whereas proteinase production was higher in non-albicans Candida. Biofilm production was demonstrated in Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida (P = 0.214). None of the planktonic growth of Candida isolates were resistant to either fluconazole or amphotericin B, whereas 40% and 84% Candida isolates grown as biofilm became resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B, respectively. Both coagulase and phospholipase production strongly correlated with the resistance of sessile Candida isolates to amphotericin B (P < 0.001). Whereas both proteinase and phospholipase correlated with the resistance of in vitro Candida biofilms to fluconazole (P < 0.05 and P = 0.001; respectively). Chlorhexidine was comparable to fluconazole towards planktonic and sessile grown Candida isolates. In conclusion, the study demonstrated an association between certain virulence factors and the development of biofilm drug resistance and highlighted the value of chlorhexidine as a promising prospect in the eradication of Candida colonization.

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Candida,Cryptococcus, and Other Yeasts of Medical Importance

Cited by 47 publications

References 255 publications

Advantages of Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry as a Rapid Diagnostic Tool for Identification of Yeasts and Mycobacteria in the Clinical Microbiological Laboratory

Advantages of Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry as a Rapid Diagnostic Tool for Identification of Yeasts and Mycobacteria in the Clinical Microbiological Laboratory

Endocarditis Caused by Rhodotorula Infection

Resistant virulent Candida species colonizing preterm neonates and in vitro promising prospect of chlorhexidine gluconate

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