<i>Anopheles balabacensis balabacensis</i>
            Identified as Vector of Simian Malaria in Malaysia

Cheong, W. H.; Warren, McWilson; Omar, Affandi; Mahadevan, S

doi:10.1126/science.150.3701.1314

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Holotype adult female with associated larval and pupal exuviae on microscope slide, deposited in the NMNH. Anopheles balabacensis balabacensis of Sandosham et al (1963:46) (vector human Plasmodium); CHEONG et al (1965CHEONG et al ( :1314 Reid (1968:297) (taxonomy). Anopheles balabacensis Perlis Form of Baimai et al (1981:81) (cytogenetics, chromosome differentiation, evolution); Sucharit & Choochote (1983:90) (morphometry male genitalia, frequency gonostylus movement); Sucharit et al (1983:127) (esterase isozyme pattern, species identification); Choochote et al (1987:511) (SEM pupal setae 9-III-V).…”

Section: Anopheles (Cellia) Dirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cracens is competent to transmit simian Plasmodium in monsoon rain forest in the state of Perlis, Malaysia. Some individuals were found infected with P. cynomolgi and P. inui and the sporozoites isolated from the salivary glands caused malaria in rhesus monkey (Cheong et al 1965(Cheong et al , 1966. Studies on the susceptibility to the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium cynomolgi B strain in comparison to other Southeast Asian Anopheles showed that 77% of An.…”

Section: Anopheles (Cellia) Dirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revision of the Leucosphyrus group of Anopheles (Cellia) (Diptera, Culicidae)

Sallum¹,

Peyton²,

Harrison³

et al. 2005

Rev. Bras. entomol.

101

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Section: Anopheles (Cellia) Dirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anopheles (Cellia) Dirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revision of the Leucosphyrus group of Anopheles (Cellia) (Diptera, Culicidae)

Sallum¹,

Peyton²,

Harrison³

et al. 2005

Rev. Bras. entomol.

101

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“…While in the northern part of peninsular Malaysia A . cracens (= A. balabacensis = A.dirus B) was found infected with P. cynomolgi and P. inui (Cheong et al, 1965). Laboratory studies also showed that A. cracens was a much better vector of malaria parasites compared to other species since 77% of them were infected (Scanlon, 1968).…”

Section: Vectors Of Simian Malariamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the sixties since molecular techniques were not available, in order to confirm species of sporozoites they were inoculated into rhesus monkeys. A. balabacensis (= A. cracens ; Sallum et al, 2005a) a vector of human malaria was incriminated as vector of P. inui (Cheong et al, 1965). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium knowlesi and Wuchereria bancrofti: Their Vectors and Challenges for the Future

Vythilingam

2012

Front. Physio.

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Malaria and filariasis still continue to pose public health problems in developing countries of the tropics. Although plans are in progress for the elimination of both these parasitic vector borne diseases, we are now faced with a daunting challenge as we have a fifth species, Plasmodium knowlesi a simian malaria parasite affecting humans. Similarly in peninsular Malaysia, filariasis was mainly due to Brugia malayi. However, we now see cases of Wuchereria bancrofti in immigrant workers coming into the country. In order to successfully eliminate both these diseases we need to know the vectors involved and introduce appropriate control measures to prevent the diseases occurring in the future. As for knowlesi malaria it is still uncertain if human to human transmission through mosquito bites is occurring. However, P. knowlesi in human is not a rare occurrence anymore and has all the characteristics of a pathogen spreading due to changes in the ecosystem, international travel, and cross border migration. This has created a more complex situation. In order to overcome these challenges we need to revamp our control measures. This paper reviews the vectors of malaria and filariasis in Southeast Asia with special emphasis on P. knowlesi and W. bancrofti in Malaysia and their control strategies.

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“…Sin embargo, se ha observado que A. hackeri es poco atraído por los humanos (34,37), mientras que A. b. introlatus y A. leucosphyrus tienen gran afinidad por los simios y humanos (39), y se ha establecido que esta última especie actúa como vector de P. knowlesi para ambos huéspedes, por lo que podría estar implicada en su transmisión a humanos. Otro candidato a vector de malaria como zoonosis, es Anopheles b. balabacensis, reconocido transmisor de malaria humana y de P. cynomolgi y P. inui (40). Los estudios realizados con ocho especies de anofeles demostraron que A. b. balabacensis era la especie más propensa a la infección por P. knowlesi (26).…”

Section: Huéspedes Y Vectores Naturalesunclassified

Natural Plasmodium knowlesi malaria infections in humans

2012

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El primer caso informado de transmisión natural de Plasmodium knowlesi en humanos se publicó en 1965. En el sureste de Asia la presentación atípica de casos de malaria, tanto por cambios en la distribución de las especies diagnosticadas de Plasmodium, como por su morfología, motivó diversos estudios que han confirmado la infección en humanos por este plasmodio que infecta naturalmente distintas especies de simios, que son endémicos de las selvas de esta región. Los estudios recientes sugieren que la malaria por P. knowlesi no es una enfermedad emergente en humanos sino que no estaba siendo diagnosticada, debido a la similitud morfológica de este plasmodio con P. malariae y P. falciparum, lo cual dificulta su reconocimiento mediante examen microscópico. Actualmente, se puede confirmar el diagnóstico mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa que permite identificar cebadores específicos de P. knowlesi. La malaria por P. knowlesi ha ocasionado desenlaces fatales en humanos, lo que plantea diversos retos como la búsqueda de métodos operativos de diagnóstico para las zonas endémicas, el estudio de los vectores involucrados y la eficacia terapéutica de los medicamentos para su tratamiento. En las regiones selváticas de Suramérica se hace imperativa la vigilancia de parásitos y vectores de la malaria en simios, que potencialmente puedan ocasionar esta zoonosis. Palabras clave: malaria/epidemiología, Plasmodium knowlesi, infección, humanos Natural Plasmodium knowlesi malaria infections in humansThe first reported case of natural transmission of Plasmodium knowlesi to humans was published in 1965. In Southeast Asia, the atypical presentation of malaria cases, the changes in the distribution of the Plasmodium species diagnosed and their atypical morphology prompted several studies that confirmed natural infections in humans by this protozoon which naturally infects different species of apes which are endemic in the forests of this region. Recent studies suggest that P. knowlesi malaria is not an emerging disease in humans but was rather being misdiagnosed due to its morphological similarity with P. malariae and P. falciparum, hampering its correct diagnosis by microscopic examination. Currently, the diagnosis can be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using P. knowlesi specific primers. Malaria by P. knowlesi has lead to fatal outcomes in humans and poses several challenges such as the development of useful diagnostic tools for endemic areas, the study of the vectors involved and the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs for its treatment. In the jungle regions of South America it is imperative to monitor the parasites of simian malaria and the vectors that have the potential to transmit this zoonosis.

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Anopheles balabacensis balabacensis Identified as Vector of Simian Malaria in Malaysia

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

Revision of the Leucosphyrus group of Anopheles (Cellia) (Diptera, Culicidae)

Revision of the Leucosphyrus group of Anopheles (Cellia) (Diptera, Culicidae)

Plasmodium knowlesi and Wuchereria bancrofti: Their Vectors and Challenges for the Future

Natural Plasmodium knowlesi malaria infections in humans

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