<i>An Introduction to Error Analysis: The Study of Uncertainties in Physical Measurements</i>

Taylor, John R.; Thompson, William O.

doi:10.1063/1.882103

Cited by 2,205 publications

(2,644 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

2,555

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Because of that, an uncertainty analysis is needed to determine the uncertainty in the computed fraction of sp 2 -bonded carbon. The analysis below, performed following the Law of Propagation of Uncertainties 71 , assumes that the sample under investigation is isotropic, and either amorphous or polycrystalline (with grain size << X-ray beam diameter), meaning that the π*/σ* ratio for this material does not vary with the X-ray incidence angle.…”

Section: Eq 3amentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Evaluation of the Carbon Hybridization State by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The characterization of the local bonding configuration of carbon in carbon-based materials is of paramount importance since the properties of such materials strongly depend on the distribution of carbon hybridization states, the local ordering, and the degree of hydrogenation. Carbon 1s near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful techniques for gaining insights into the bonding configuration of near-surface carbon atoms. The common methodology for quantitatively evaluating the carbon hybridization state using C1s NEXAFS measurements, which is based on the analysis of the sample of interest and of a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) reference sample, was reviewed and critically assessed, noting that inconsistencies are found in the literature in applying this method. A theoretical rationale for the specific experimental conditions to be used for the acquisition of HOPG reference spectra is presented together with the potential sources of uncertainty and errors in the correctly computed fraction of sp 2 -bonded carbon. This provides a specific method for analyzing the distribution of carbon hybridization state using NEXAFS spectroscopy. As an illustrative example, a hydrogenated amorphous carbon film was analyzed using this method, and showed good agreement with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (which is surface sensitive).Furthermore, the results were consistent with analysis from Raman spectroscopy (which is not surface sensitive), indicating the absence of a structurally different near-surface region in this particular thin film material. The present work can assist surface scientists in the analysis of NEXAFS spectra for the accurate characterization of the structure of carbon-based materials.3

show abstract

Section: Eq 3amentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Evaluation of the Carbon Hybridization State by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Table 3 lists the calculated optimum take-off angles for the five jumpers. The standard error associated with the calculated optimum take-off angle was determined using the quadrature method of combining errors (Taylor, 1997). The method of calculating the optimum take-off angle used here was expected to produce values that were in good agreement with the jumper's preferred take-off angle.…”

Section: The Optimum Take-off Anglementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum take-off angle in the standing long jump

Wakai

Linthorne

2005

Human Movement Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to identify and explain the optimum projection angle that maximises the distance achieved in a standing long jump. Five physically active males performed maximum-effort jumps over a wide range of take-off angles, and the jumps were recorded and analysed using a 2-D video analysis procedure. The total jump distance achieved was considered as the sum of three component distances (take-off, flight, and landing), and the dependence of each component distance on the take-off angle was systematically investigated. The flight distance was strongly affected by a decrease in the jumper's take-off speed with increasing take-off angle, and the take-off distance and landing distance steadily decreased with increasing take-off angle due to changes in the jumper's body configuration. The optimum take-off angle for the jumper was the angle at which the three component distances combined to produce the greatest jump distance. Although the calculated optimum take-off angles (19-27º) were lower than the jumpers' preferred take-off angles (31-39º), the loss in jump distance through using a sub-optimum take-off angle was relatively small. PsycINFO classification: 4010

show abstract

“…Note that the point shown for N ϭ 1 corresponds to the actual measurement value and is shown without error bars, since the mean and SD cannot be obtained from a single value. The accuracy of this single measurement, shown as an empty circle, is not surprising given the small CV exp value; classical statistics predict that there is a 68% probability that a single measurement will fall within Ϯ 1 of the population mean (49). Figure 5 shows that the population mean estimate provided by a data set containing N min values (N min Յ 4 established above for this data), is within 1 SD of the population mean.…”

Section: Application To Flow Cytometry Sizing Of Dna Fragmentsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Statistics of single‐molecule measurements: Applications in flow‐cytometry sizing of DNA fragments

Ferris¹,

Habbersett²,

Wolinsky³

et al. 2004

Cytometry Pt A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:The measurement of physical properties from single molecules has been demonstrated. However, the majority of single-molecule studies report values based on relatively large data sets (e.g., N Ͼ 50). While there are studies that report physical quantities based on small sample sets, there has not been a detailed statistical analysis relating sample size to the reliability of derived parameters. Methods: Monte Carlo simulations and multinomial analysis, dependent on quantifiable experimental parameters, were used to determine the minimum number of singlemolecule measurements required to produce an accurate estimate of a population mean. Simulation results were applied to the fluorescence-based sizing of DNA fragments by ultrasensitive flow cytometry (FCM). Results: Our simulations show, for an analytical technique with a 10% CV, that the average of as few as five

show abstract

An Introduction to Error Analysis: The Study of Uncertainties in Physical Measurements

Cited by 2,205 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative Evaluation of the Carbon Hybridization State by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy

Quantitative Evaluation of the Carbon Hybridization State by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy

Optimum take-off angle in the standing long jump

Statistics of single‐molecule measurements: Applications in flow‐cytometry sizing of DNA fragments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About