2015
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500478
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Abstract: Local hypoxia in tumors is an undesirable consequence of photodynamic therapy (PDT), which will lead to greatly reduced effectiveness of this therapy. Bioreductive pro-drugs that can be activated at low-oxygen conditions will be highly cytotoxic under hypoxia in tumors. Based on this principle, double silica-shelled upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) nanostructure capable of co-delivering photosensitizer (PS) molecules and a bioreductive pro-drug (tirapazamine, TPZ) were designed (TPZ-UC/PS), with which a syne… Show more

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Cited by 381 publications
(244 citation statements)
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“…219-222 Although in this review article we have discussed various strategies based on NPs for efficient MRI, there has been no literature report on hypoxia-responsive NPs as MRI CAs except on several chemical complexes for hypoxia-related MRI such as T 1 or T 2 CAs, 223 19 F-based probes, 224 and CEST probes. 86 We believe that research on this subject is likely already in progress, and the NPs that respond to hypoxia via , for example, valency change, size/morphology variation, assembly, and disassembly for enhanced MRI, will likely play multiple roles in accurate and noninvasive delineation of hypoxic areas, more precise and effective treatment, and real-time and noninvasive monitoring of therapeutic efficacy.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…219-222 Although in this review article we have discussed various strategies based on NPs for efficient MRI, there has been no literature report on hypoxia-responsive NPs as MRI CAs except on several chemical complexes for hypoxia-related MRI such as T 1 or T 2 CAs, 223 19 F-based probes, 224 and CEST probes. 86 We believe that research on this subject is likely already in progress, and the NPs that respond to hypoxia via , for example, valency change, size/morphology variation, assembly, and disassembly for enhanced MRI, will likely play multiple roles in accurate and noninvasive delineation of hypoxic areas, more precise and effective treatment, and real-time and noninvasive monitoring of therapeutic efficacy.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[3] One reason for the limited application of the method is the fact that PDT requires oxygen, but most tumors develop regions of severe hypoxia where photosensitized singlet oxygen generation would not be expected. [4] More problematic is the fact that PDT itself,by rapidly using intracellular oxygen reserves,c reates acute hypoxia. [5] Many studies suggest that fractional (intermittent) delivery of light might be ab etter approach to PDT.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…silicon phthalocyanine dihydroxide, SPCD) and a bioreductive prodrug (tirapazamine, TPZ) (Figure 7B). In fact, the TPZ prodrug could be stimulated by various intracellular reductase enzymes to produce highly cytotoxic free-radical intermediate species under hypoxic conditions 137. Upon 980 nm laser illumination, a remarkable tumor therapeutic effect was achieved owing to UCNPs-based PDT under normal oxygen environment followed by the TPZ-induced cytotoxicity when oxygen is exhausted by PDT under hypoxia tumor environment.…”
Section: Near-infrared (Nir) Light-mediated Theranosticsmentioning
confidence: 99%