Hypothalamo‐pituitary Ovarian Function in Thirty‐one Women With Chronic Alcoholism

Hugues, Jean‐Noël; Coste, T.; Perret, Gérard-Yves; Jayle, M F; Sébaoun, J; Modigliani, E

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1980.tb01374.x

Cited by 75 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…We are unaware of any previous studies involving LHRH stimulation of LH after chronic ALC exposure in immature or mature monkeys of both sexes, or in ALC-dependent women. However, LHRH-induced LH release was shown to be unaffected in alcoholic men (37), and in alcoholic women during abstinence when compared with nonalcoholic controls (24,38). Further evidence for an unimpaired LH response to LHRH comes from studies using adult female rats (39,40), adult female rhesus monkeys (41), and men (42) after acute ALC exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Alcohol Alters Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Immature Female Rhesus Monkeys by a Hypothalamic Action

et al. 2004

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We determined whether the effect of alcohol (ALC) to suppress LH secretion in immature female monkeys is due to a hypothalamic or pituitary site of action. Beginning at 20 months of age, four monkeys received a single intragastric dose of ALC (2.4 g/kg), and four monkeys received an equal volume of a saline/sucrose solution daily until they were 36 months old. For the hypothalamic response test, two basal samples (3.5 ml) were collected at 15-min intervals via the saphenous vein, and then N-methyl-D-L-aspartic acid (NMA; 20 mg/kg) was given iv and four more blood samples collected. Three weeks later, this protocol was repeated except LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) (5 g/kg) was used to test pituitary responsiveness. NMA or LHRH was administered 3 h after the ALC. After the pituitary challenge, each monkey was ovariectomized and 6 wk later, implanted with an indwelling subclavian vein catheter. Blood samples were drawn every 10 min for 8 h to assess effects of ALC on post-ovariectomy LH levels and the profile of LH pulsatile secretion. The hypothalamic challenge showed NMA stimulated LH release in control monkeys, an action that was blocked by ALC. The pituitary challenge revealed that LHRH stimulated LH release equally well in control and ALC-treated monkeys. A post-ovariectomy rise in LH was observed in both groups, but levels were 45% lower in ALC-treated monkeys. This reduction was attributed to an ALC-induced suppression of both baseline and amplitude of pulses. Results demonstrate that the ALC-induced suppression of LH in immature female rhesus monkeys is due to an inhibitory action of the drug at the hypothalamic level. (Endocrinology 145: 4558 -4564, 2004)I N RECENT YEARS, there has been an increase in alcohol (ALC) use and abuse during adolescence, especially by females (1). The adolescent period is a potentially vulnerable time for developing individuals who may be more sensitive to the drug and less tolerant to its detrimental effects than adults. This concept has been supported by work using the rat as an animal model (2, 3). The possibility that ALC could alter neuroendocrine development has been suspected for years because a history of any drug ingestion is routinely conducted to identify potential causes of altered endocrine function or pubertal development. Any detrimental effect of ALC on puberty-related hormones at this critical time of growth and development could elevate the risk for developmental deficits.Research with experimental animals and case reports from humans further suggest that determining the effects of ALC on endocrine development warrants serious consideration. Studies using rats have shown that ALC suppresses the levels of LH and estradiol (E 2 ) and causes delayed female puberty (4 -6). Even though case studies involving ALC use and abuse by adolescent and teenage humans are limited in number and scope, they have suggested that the drug can disrupt endocrine function, stature, and weight distribution in young people (7-9), as well as place them at risk for nutritional deficiencies ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Chronic ALC exposure also caused suppressed levels of LH in mid-pubertal boys (7), adult female rhesus monkeys (23), alcoholic women (24,25), and in immature and mature rats of both sexes (26,27). This study is the first to assess hypothalamic and pituitary function in immature female monkeys that were exposed chronically to ALC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Alcohol Alters Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Immature Female Rhesus Monkeys by a Hypothalamic Action

et al. 2004

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“…Women who report episodic heavy social drinking also report menstrual cycle disorders including dysmenorrhea, premenstrual discomfort and 'heavy menstrual flow (Wilsnack et al 1984). Chronic alcoholism is associated with even more severe disruptions of menstrual cycle function including persistent amenorrhea, anovulation, luteal phase dysfunction and ovarian pathology (Moskovic 1975;Ryback 1977;Hugues et al 1980;Valimaki et al 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Cigarette smoking also increases the risk for coronary heart disease and that risk is accentuated by oral contraceptive use (Glynn and Cullen 1985). Moreover, both tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse may have deleterious effects on female reproductive function (Gritz 1980; A Report of the Surgeon General 1980; Hugues et al 1980;Van Thiel and Gavaler 1982;Mello 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking by women: interactions with alcohol use

1987

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Cigarette smoking increased during alcohol self-administration in comparison to an alcohol-free baseline in 24 women given access to alcohol for 21 days. Heavy smokers (25 or more cigarettes per day) increased smoking significantly during drinking (P less than 0.05). Analysis of tobacco smoking by level of alcohol consumption showed that both heavy and moderate alcohol users increased smoking significantly during alcohol availability (P less than 0.05, 0.01). The heavy and moderate smokers smoked significantly more between noon and midnight (P less than 0.001) than at other times when alcohol was available. The rate of cigarette smoking (defined by inter-cigarette intervals) was faster during alcohol self-administration than during the alcohol-free baseline. Heavy smokers smoked most cigarettes at intervals of 11-20 min during heavy or moderate drinking. During the pre-alcohol baseline, these women smoked most cigarettes at intervals of 21-30 or 31-40 min. Most women (70-74%) also increased tobacco smoking at the premenstruum. Both heavy and occasional smokers increased smoking at the premenstruum significantly more than the moderate smokers (P less than 0.05). All women reported increased psychological discomfort at the premenstruum on the Premenstrual Assessment Form (PAF) but reports of physical discomfort were more marked in women who smoked less at the premenstruum. These data extend previous findings in men that alcohol consumption is associated with increased cigarette smoking to female social drinkers.

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“…Sexual dysfunction with infertility, loss of libido, irregular menses and amenorrhoea may accompany chronic alcohol abuse, especially in those with liver diseases (1)(2)(3)(4). It has been shown that menopause often occurs at an earlier age in female alcoholics (5,6) both in cirrhotics and non-cirrhotics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inappropriately low levels of gonadotrophins in amenorrhoeic women with alcoholic and non-alcoholic cirrhosis

Bell

Raknerud

Falch

et al. 1995

European Journal of Endocrinology

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We investigated a group of 111 amenorrhoeic females with associated liver disease. These comprised alcoholic cirrhotics (N = 38), non-alcoholic cirrhotics (N = 12), non-cirrhotic alcoholics (N = 21) and those suffering from other chronic liver diseases (N = 40) admitted to our medical department from 1986 to 1991. The serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), oestradiol, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and prolactin were measured. Serum LH was decreased below the normal range in 50% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and in 42% of patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis. One third of non-cirrhotic alcoholics also had decreased LH, in contrast to only 8% of patients with other chronic liver diseases (p < 0.01). A close correlation was found between LH and FSH when all patients were pooled (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) injection elicited a clear LH and FSH response in 11 out of 14 patients with cirrhosis, indicating that the hypothalamus rather than the pituitary is the site of disturbance in gonadotrophin secretion. Serum SHBG was within normal limits and similar in all four groups. In nine females with alcoholic cirrhosis who abstained for 3 months, serum SHBG increased significantly from 39 +/- 18 to 70 +/- 25 nmol/l (p < 0.001), while LH increased in five of nine females and was unchanged in four. In conclusion, half of the amenorrhoeic females with alcoholic as well as non-alcoholic cirrhosis had inappropriately low serum LH and FSH levels, indicating dysfunction of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Hypothalamo‐pituitary Ovarian Function in Thirty‐one Women With Chronic Alcoholism

Cited by 75 publications

References 22 publications

Alcohol Alters Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Immature Female Rhesus Monkeys by a Hypothalamic Action

Alcohol Alters Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Immature Female Rhesus Monkeys by a Hypothalamic Action

Cigarette smoking by women: interactions with alcohol use

Inappropriately low levels of gonadotrophins in amenorrhoeic women with alcoholic and non-alcoholic cirrhosis

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