Hypomagnesaemia: a modifiable risk factor of diabetic nephropathy

Bherwani, Sonny; Jibhkate, Srushtee Bipin; Saumya, A.S.; Patel, Sitendu Kumar; Singh, Ranju; Ghotekar, L H

doi:10.1515/hmbci-2016-0024

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In the present study, we also found that the serum Mg concentration of patients with T2DM and DN was significantly lower than that in healthy individuals. A recent study found that hypomagnesemia is associated with a high incidence of DN and is an independent predictor of DN (16), and others have shown that hypomagnesemia is associated with both the development and progression of DN (37,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Mg deficiency leads to impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, abnormal lipid metabolism, and OS (10). Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in patients with DN is significantly higher than that in those without (16). In addition, Mg deficiency leads to the opening of L-type calcium (Ca 2+ ) channels in macrophage, which increases the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration and promotes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Relationships of the Trace Elements Zinc and Magnesium With Diabetic Nephropathy-Associated Renal Functional Damage in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) are essential trace elements in humans. Their deficiency may be associated with inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the mechanisms involved have not been fully characterized. We aimed to investigate the relationships between circulating concentrations of Zn and Mg and pro-inflammatory factors with DN-associated renal functional damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To this end, we studied 20 healthy people, 24 patients with T2DM, and 59 patients with T2DM and T2DN. Serum and urine Zn and Mg concentrations were measured using the 2-(5-nitro-2-pyridylazo)-5-(N-propyl-N-sulfopropylamine) phenol (nitro-PAPS) chromogenic method and the xylidyl blue method, respectively, and the circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] were measured using flow cytometry. The serum concentrations of Zn and Mg were significantly lower in patients with T2DM and DN than in healthy controls. Serum Zn, urine Zn, and urine Mg concentrations decreased, while those of IL-6 and IL-8 increased with the progression of DN-associated renal functional damage. Furthermore, the serum and urine Zn concentrations negatively correlated with the serum IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations. Notably, the serum Zn concentration was found to independently protect against DN in patients with T2DM. Hypozincemia may be associated with the T2DN-associated renal functional damage because it exacerbates inflammation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships of the Trace Elements Zinc and Magnesium With Diabetic Nephropathy-Associated Renal Functional Damage in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar beneficial effects of oral magnesium have been demonstrated in people with type 2 diabetes and hypomagnesemia [ 71 ]. An observational study concluded that low serum magnesium was significantly associated with higher prevalence of diabetic nephropathy, and hypomagnesemia can be used as a marker for the risk of development of diabetic nephropathy [ 72 ]. Additionally, hypomagnesemia was associated with poor glycemic control [ 73 ], reduced HDL cholesterol, increased triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels [ 74 , 75 ].…”

Section: Hypomagnesemia and Endocrine Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium and Human Health: Perspectives and Research Directions

Alawi

Majoni

Falhammar

2018

International Journal of Endocrinology

297

223

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation in the body. It has several functions in the human body including its role as a cofactor for more than 300 enzymatic reactions. Several studies have shown that hypomagnesemia is a common electrolyte derangement in clinical setting especially in patients admitted to intensive care unit where it has been found to be associated with increase mortality and hospital stay. Hypomagnesemia can be caused by a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. It can also be a side effect of several medications. Many studies have reported that reduced levels of magnesium are associated with a wide range of chronic diseases. Magnesium can play important therapeutic and preventive role in several conditions such as diabetes, osteoporosis, bronchial asthma, preeclampsia, migraine, and cardiovascular diseases. This review is aimed at comprehensively collating the current available published evidence and clinical correlates of magnesium disorders.

show abstract

“…It is therefore of interest that recent meta-analyses and cohort studies have pointed to an inverse relationship between magnesium consumption and the incidence of NIDDM / metabolic syndrome (95,(110)(111)(112)(113)(114)(115)(116)(117)(118)(119)(120)(121) and that a recent prospective randomized controlled trial has demonstrated enhanced insulin sensitivity in a population of 128 obese patients with confirmed hypomagnesemia, chronic renal impairment and impaired glucose tolerance, in response to magnesium supplementation (365 mg per day for three months duration) (122). A similar study in a smaller sample size (n=72) of obese patients with metabolic syndrome, confirmed reduced baseline intracellular (monocyte) magnesium concentrations in 36% of obese patients but did not report any improvement in markers of insulin resistance in response to magnesium supplementation (400 mg per day for three months duration), however potential compliance issues and a small study sample render these results less reliable (123) Overall, when thiamine deficiency is considered with magnesium, it is likely that the deficiency of one or both may affect the other and compromise glucose metabolism in the obese patient.…”

Section: Thiamine and Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of thiamine dependent enzymes in obesity and obesity related chronic disease states: A systematic review

Maguire

Talwar

Shiels

et al. 2018

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The WHO 2016 report indicates that worldwide obesity is rising, with over 600 million people in the obese range (BMI>30). The recommended daily calorie intake for adults is 2000 kcal and 2500 kcal for women and men respectively. The average American consumes 3770 kcal/day and the average person in the UK consumes 3400 kcal/day. With such increased caloric intake, there is an increased load on metabolic pathways, in particular glucose metabolism. Such metabolism requires micronutrients as enzyme co-factors. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) for thiamine is 1.3 mg/day and 0.5 mg thiamine is required to process 1000 kilocalories (kcal). Therefore, despite the appearance of being overfed, there is now increasing evidence that the obese population may nutritionally depleted of essential micronutrients. Thiamine deficiency has been reported to be in the region of 16-47% among patients undergoing bariatric surgery for obesity. Thiamine, in turn, requires magnesium to be in its active form thiamine diphosphate, (TDP). TDP also requires magnesium to achieve activation of TDP dependent enzymes, including transketolase (TK), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and alpha-keto glutaric acid dehydrogenase (AKGDH), during metabolism of glucose. Thiamine and magnesium therefore play a critical role in glucose metabolism and their deficiency may result in the accumulation of anaerobic metabolites including lactate due to a mismatch between caloric burden and function of thiamine dependent enzymes. It may therefore be postulated that thiamine and magnesium deficiency are under-recognized in obesity and may be important in the progress of obesity and obesity related chronic disease states. The aim of the present systematic review was to examine the role of thiamine dependent enzymes in obesity and obesity related chronic disease states.

show abstract

Hypomagnesaemia: a modifiable risk factor of diabetic nephropathy

Abstract: We concluded that hypomagnesaemia was significantly associated with higher prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and can be used as a marker for the risk of development of diabetic nephropathy.

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Relationships of the Trace Elements Zinc and Magnesium With Diabetic Nephropathy-Associated Renal Functional Damage in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Relationships of the Trace Elements Zinc and Magnesium With Diabetic Nephropathy-Associated Renal Functional Damage in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Magnesium and Human Health: Perspectives and Research Directions

The role of thiamine dependent enzymes in obesity and obesity related chronic disease states: A systematic review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About