Hypokalemia: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment

Tinawi, Mohammad

doi:10.26502/acbr.50170088

Cited by 6 publications

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“…In patients with metabolic alkalosis associated with volume contraction (Cl - -sensitive metabolic alkalosis), it is critical to give isotonic saline (0.9 NaCl) and to replete potassium with potassium chloride orally (PO), intravenously (IV), or both [ 38 ]. This strategy will lead to NaHCO3 diuresis and the restoration of the acid-base balance.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Management of Metabolic Alkalosis

Tinawi¹

2021

Cureus

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Metabolic alkalosis is an increase in blood pH to >7.45 due to a primary increase in serum bicarbonate (HCO 3 − ). Metabolic alkalosis results from alkali accumulation or acid loss, and it is associated with a secondary increase in carbon dioxide arterial pressure (P a CO 2 ). Metabolic alkalosis is a common acid-base disorder, especially in critically ill patients. The pathogenesis of chronic metabolic alkalosis includes two derangements, generation of metabolic alkalosis via gain of alkali or loss of acid and maintenance of metabolic alkalosis by increased tubular HCO 3 − reabsorption (failure of the kidneys to excrete excess alkali). Metabolic alkalosis is the most common acid-base disorder in hospitalized patients, particularly in the surgical critical care unit. Mortality increases as pH increases.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This strategy will lead to NaHCO3 diuresis and the restoration of the acid-base balance. Mg +2 should be replaced in patients with hypomagnesemia because hypomagnesemia can result in recalcitrant hypokalemia [ 38 ]. Diuretics should be discontinued if feasible; otherwise, the diuretic doses should be reduced.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Management of Metabolic Alkalosis

Tinawi¹

2021

Cureus

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“…Se solicitaron niveles de K urinario 37,3 mmol (< 15) y gradiente transtubular de potasio 15 (> 7 sugestivo de aumento de actividad mineralocorticoide), renina 3,8 UI/mL (4,4-46,1) (Figura 2). Se solicitó cortisol sérico nocturno: 55,82 mcg/dL (4,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Se corroboró con prueba de supresión con 1 mg de dexametasona (cortisol mayor a 80 mcg/dL).…”

Section: Evoluciónunclassified

Hipokalemia severa como manifestación de síndrome de Cushing ectópico asociado a colangiocarcinoma

Mora-Navarro

González-Andrade

Muñoz-Plascencia

et al. 2021

Rev Esp Casos Clin Med Intern

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El síndrome de Cushing ectópico es una entidad poco frecuente, pero generalmente grave, debido a la secreción de hormona adrenocorticotropa o, en casos excepcionales, de hormona liberadora de corticotropina por tumores extra hipofisarios. Se ha de considerar una emergencia endocrinológica que requiere un manejo multidisciplinario y simultáneo del hipercortisolismo, comorbilidades asociadas y tratamiento etiológico. Presentamos un caso de síndrome de Cushing ectópico, donde damos a conocer las principales características clínicas y bioquímicas asociadas al hipercortisolismo intenso, y su rápida evolución clínica secundario a un colangiocarcinoma.

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“…Reduced potassium intake is seen in the case of starvation, dementia, or anorexia. 4 Excessive potassium excretion through urine (kaliuresis) may result from use of drugs, endocrine disease (such as primary hyperaldosteronism), kidney disorders, or genetic diseases. 5 Common drugs which can induce hypokalemia include diuretics and penicillin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,7 Intracellular shift causes transient hypokalemia. 4 Table 1: Symptoms and signs of hypokalemia. 1…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractory hypokalemia: a case report

Setiawan¹,

Wirawan²

2022

Int J Adv Med

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Hypokalemia is a common electrolyte disturbance in hospitalized patients, which prompts appropriate identification of hypokalemia symptoms and signs. As many as 20% of hospitalized patients are found to have hypokalemia. Many hypokalemia patients could also have systemic disease. A 55-year-old woman was presented with weakness, nausea, and vomiting for 2 days before admission. Vomit consisted of water; there was no blood in the vomit. Defecation was normal; consistency and odor of feces were normal. Patient had diabetes and was already on insulin regiment. Insulin was discontinued during hospitalization since blood sugar was close to lower limit. Electrocardiography (ECG) was within normal limit. Symptoms and signs of hypokalemia may not be readily apparent, as seen in this case. Treatment of hypokalemia should intend not to only replenish potassium, but also to identify underlying cause. Causes include gastrointestinal losses, intracellular shift, renal potassium losses, and inadequate intake.

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Hypokalemia: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Management of Metabolic Alkalosis

Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Management of Metabolic Alkalosis

Hipokalemia severa como manifestación de síndrome de Cushing ectópico asociado a colangiocarcinoma

Refractory hypokalemia: a case report

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