Hyphessobrycon nicolasi (Teleostei: Characidae) a new species from the Uruguay River basin in the Mesopotamian Region, Argentina

Abstract

Hyphessobrycon nicolasi is described from the Uruguay River basin in the Mesopotamian Region, Entre Ríos, Argentina. The new species can be distinguished from all congeners by the presence of a well-defined oblique and marginal black stripe on each lobe of the caudal fin. Other characters defining H. nicolasi are the possession of 1-3 teeth with 3-10 cusps on maxilla; outer premaxillary row with 2-3 small teeth, with 5 or 7 cusps; iv-vi, 27-36 anal-fin rays; 33-36 scales on the longitudinal series; two vertical dark spots on the humeral region; dorsal and anal fins dappled in black and base of caudal fin bearing conspicuous black spot; and the presence of bony hooks on the rays of dorsal, anal and caudal fins of the mature males.Hyphessobrycon nicolasi é descrito da bacia do rio Uruguai, na Região Mesopotâmica, Entre Ríos, Argentina. A nova espécie pode ser distinguida de suas congêneres pela presença de uma faixa oblíqua preta bem definida na margen de cada lóbo da nadadeira caudal. Outros caracteres que definem H. nicolasi são a presença de 1-3 dentes com 3-10 cúspides no maxilar, fileira externa do pré-maxilar com 2-3 dentes pequenos, com 5 ou 7 cúspides; iv-vi, 27-36 raios na nadadeira anal; 33-36 escamas na série longitudinal; duas manchas verticais pretas na região umeral; nadadeiras dorsal e anal manchadas de negro e base da nadadeira caudal com uma mancha negra conspícua; e pela presença de ganchos ósseos nos raios das nadadeiras dorsal, anal e caudal nos machos maduros.

Hyphessobrycon brumado: a new characid fish (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) from the upper rio de Contas drainage, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

“…Hyphessobrycon Durbin is one of the most speciose, widespread and taxonomically poorly known genera of the family Characidae, with more than 120 valid species including a series of recently described ones, distributed from southern Mexico to río de La Plata in Argentina (e.g., Carvalho & Bertaco, 2006;Bertaco et al, 2007;Benine & Lopes, 2008;Carvalho et al, 2008;Garzía-Alzate et al, 2010a, 2010bMiquelarena & López, 2010). The recognition of groups of species within Hyphessobrycon is based primarily on similarities of color patterns and a hypothesis of its intrarelationships is currently unavailable, except for the rosy tetra clade proposed as monophyletic by Weitzman & Palmer (1997) (Eigenmann) and H. santae (Eigenmann) from the rio São Francisco basin.…”

Development of secondary sexual characters and their relationship to ontogeny and seasonal reproductive period in Hyphessobrycon igneus (Ostariophysi: Characiformes)

“…The differences in male and female anal‐fin shape observed herein is often used as a character in the study of Characidae systematics (Miquelarena & Aquino, ; Canan & Gurgel, ; Miquelarena & Aquino, ; Bertaco & Lucinda, ; Carvalho, ; Carvalho & Bertaco, ; Matheus, ; Bertaco et al, ; Carvalho et al, ; Lucena & Malabarba, ; Carvalho, ; Jerep & Malabarba, ). Nevertheless, there can be intrageneric variation in this pattern; for example, anal‐fin shape is similar in males and females of H. togoi (Oyakawa et al, ) and Hyphessobrycon nicolasi Miquelarena & López, (Miquelarena & López, ).…”

“…In some Hyphessobrycon spp., including H. igneus, males have hooks on the pelvic and anal fins (Lima & Moreira, 2003;Carvalho, 2006;Garcia-Alzate & Román-Valencia, 2008;Garcia-Alzate et al, 2010). In other Characidae species, males lack hooks on their fins (Bertaco & Carvalho, 2005;Garcia-Alzate & Román-Valencia, 2008), have hooks only on their anal fin (Bertaco et al, 2007;Garcia-Alzate & Román-Valencia, 2008;Carvalho, 2011), have hooks on three or more ( , 0-4; , 5-9; , 10-14; , 15-19; , >20) distinct fins (Bertaco & Malabarba, 2005;Garcia-Alzate & Román-Valencia, 2008;Miquelarena & López, 2010), or have hooks on all their fins (Miquelarena & López, 2006;Bertaco et al, 2007;Camelier & Zanata, 2014). The latter condition is the most unusual in the family (Miquelarena & López, 2006;Bertaco et al, 2007).…”

“…Fishes can also show sexual dimorphism in the shape of caudal, pelvic, pectoral and anal fins (Py Daniel & Cox-Fernandes, 2005). Sex differences in fin shape, size and coloration have been reported for many species of Characidae (Miquelarena & Aquino, 1995;Canan & Gurgel, 1997;Miquelarena & Aquino, 1999;Bertaco & Lucinda, 2005;Carvalho, 2006;Carvalho & Bertaco, 2006;Matheus, 2006;Miquelarena & López, 2006;Oyakawa et al, 2006;Bertaco et al, 2007;Alcaraz et al, 2009;Menezes & Weitzman, 2009;Zanata & Camelier, 2009;Carvalho et al, 2010;Lucena & Malabarba, 2010;Miquelarena & López, 2010;Zanata & Camelier, 2010;Jerep & Malabarba, 2011;Camelier & Zanata, 2014). The development of bony hooks on fin rays (Fig.…”

“…The development of bony hooks on fin rays (Fig. 1) is a male secondary sexual character often used in phylogenetic analyses of many Characidae taxa (Von Ihering & Azevedo, 1936;Andrade et al, 1984;Garutti, 1990;Azevedo, 2000;Oliveira et al, 2002;Lima & Moreira, 2003;Malabarba & Weitzman, 2003;Silvano et al, 2003;Azevedo, 2004;Lampert et al, 2004;Bertaco & Carvalho, 2005;Bertaco & Malabarba, 2005;Gonçalves et al, 2005;Andrade et al, 2006;Carvalho, 2006;Miquelarena & López, 2006;Sato et al, 2006;Bertaco et al, 2007;Lampert et al, 2007;Garcia-Alzate & Román-Valencia, 2008;Garcia-Alzate et al, 2010;Miquelarena & López, 2010;Carvalho, 2011;Dala-Corte & Fialho, 2013;Camelier & Zanata, 2014). These hooks are often interpreted to be contact organs during spawning (Wiley & Collette, 1970), but their real function is still poorly understood.…”