Hyperthyroidism

Leo, Simone De; Lee, Sun Young; Braverman, Lewis E.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00278-6

Cited by 622 publications

(304 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Despite its high prevalence, the incidence and prevalence of AITD have increased obviously in recent years (1, 4, 5). GD is the main cause of clinical hyperthyroidism, and HT is the main cause of clinical hypothyroidism (1, 6). Besides, AITD can also increase the risk of non-thyroid diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and adverse pregnancy outcomes (7–13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

et al. 2017

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Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are a group of both B cell- and T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Graves’ disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis are the two main clinical presentations of AITD. Both genetic and environmental factors have important roles in the development of AITD. Epigenetics have been considered to exert key roles in integrating those genetic and environmental factors, and epigenetic modifications caused by environmental factors may drive genetically susceptibility individuals to develop AITD. Recent studies on the epigenetics of AITD have provided some novel insights into the pathogenesis of AITD. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent advances in the epigenetic mechanisms of AITD, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. This review highlights the key roles of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of AITD and potential clinical utility. However, the epigenetic roles in AITD are still not fully elucidated, and more researches are needed to provide further deeper insights into the roles of epigenetics in AITD and to uncover new therapeutic targets. Although there are many studies assessing the epigenetic modifications in AITD patients, the clinical utility of epigenetics in AITD remains poorly defined. More studies are needed to identify the underlying epigenetic modifications that can contribute to accurate diagnosis of AITD, adequate choice of treatment approach, and precise prediction of treatment outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

et al. 2017

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“…Worldwide, hyperthyroidism is known to affect as many as 0.4/1000 women and 0.1/1000 men [3]. Graves disease is the most common pathophysiological process known to drive hyperthyroidism, with toxic nodular goiter second [4]. Other causes include iodine or drug induced, factitious ingestion, and thyroiditis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De novo coronary artery disease in graves’ disease. coincidence?

Shahsavari

Zoll

2018

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

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Hyperthyroidism is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular conditions. We report a case of a 50-year-old woman with no prior cardiac history who presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath, chest pain, lower extremity swelling, and generalized fatigue. She was found to have Graves’ Disease (GD) and extensive coronary artery disease (CAD), suggesting the possibility of increased risk of de novo CAD in patients with GD in the absence of other risk factors.

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“…Patients with type II thyrotoxicosis may develop permanent hypothyroidism due to fibrosis of the thyroid gland. [3,6,9] In severely ill patients, treating both AIT1 and AIT2 with anti-thyroid drugs and glucocorticoids with or without perchlorate reduces thyroid inflammation and also reduces the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. [5,9,10] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperthyroidism secondary to hysterosalpingography

Mao

Zhai

2016

Medicine

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Rationale:Hysterosalpingography (HSG), a standard procedure for the evaluation of women with infertility and repetitive pregnancy loss, is associated with complications such as uterine perforation, infection, allergic reactions, syncope, hemorrhage and shock, and pulmonary or retinal embolus. However, hyperthyroidism has not been reported as one of its complications.Patient Concerns and Diagnoses:We report the case of a 33-year-old euthyroid woman who presented to our hospital with palpitation, hand tremor, fatigue, and excessive sweating after HSG. Thyroid function tests revealed a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level of 0.012 μIU/mL (range 0.38–4.34 μIU/mL), free T4 of 2.886 ng/dL (range 0.81–1.89 ng/dL), and free T3 levels of 9.4 pg/mL (range 1.80–4.10 pg/mL), and antithyroglobulin antibody of 31.78 IU/mL (range <115 IU/mL). The triiodothyronine uptake was 3.057 ng/mL (range 0.66–1.92 ng/mL). Serum iodine (SI) and urinary iodine (UI) levels: SI of 4717.748 μg/L (range 45–90 μg/L) and UI of 18069.336 μg/L (range 26–705 μg/L).Interventions and Outcomes:The patient was diagnosed with iodine-induced hyperthyroidism (IIH), but was not treated with antithyroid drugs. She has spontaneously recovered and is pregnant currently.Lessons:This is the first reported case of overt IIH caused by HSG in a euthyroid patient without risk factors. It suggests that HSG also leads to excessive iodine absorption, which induces secondary hyperthyroidism.

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Hyperthyroidism

Cited by 622 publications

References 147 publications

The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

De novo coronary artery disease in graves’ disease. coincidence?

Hyperthyroidism secondary to hysterosalpingography

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