Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and risk of Parkinson disease

Simon, Kelly Claire; Chen, Honglei; Schwarzschild, Michael A.; Ascherio, Alberto

doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000271883.45010.8a

Cited by 217 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The larger Nurses Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (in total 530 incident PD cases) found no association between self-reported high cholesterol and PD [634]. However, similar to the Rotterdam study [640], a trend of decreasing PD risk with increasing levels of self-reported total serum cholesterol was observed that was significant in women (p for trend 0.04) but not in men (p for trend 0.19) [634]. In contrast, a…”

Section: Vascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Similarly, no association between hypertension and PD was observed in the larger (in total 530 cases) prospective Nurses Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study [634]. These authors observed a decline in systolic blood pressure following diagnosis of PD [634].…”

Section: Vascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The prospective Nurses Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study found no associations between self-reported diabetes and subsequent diagnosis of PD [634]. Within the General Practice Research Database in the UK, 3,637 PD cases and an equal number of subjects without PD were followed for incident diabetes [635].…”

Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two large prospective studies reported increased PD risk associated with diabetes [632,633], one prospective study reported no association [634], whereas another reported lower risk of diabetes among PD cases [635]. Surveillance bias may cause a spurious positive association, an issue that may be of particular importance for a disease such as diabetes that can remain undetected during a long period of time.…”

Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence

et al. 2011

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Section: Vascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Vascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence

et al. 2011

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“…However, the effect of age on hypertension in PD patients was significant when faced with evidence from the literature that hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension and diabetes do not show correlations with the risk of PD 6,7 . It should be noted that arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes do not seem to be associated with occurrences of either PD or dementia throughout their evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome and dementia associated with Parkinson's disease: impact of age and hypertension

Schelp

Mendes-Chiloff

Bazan

et al. 2012

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine correlations between age and metabolic disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. METHODS: This observational cross-sectional study included brief tests for dementia and the Mattis test. Signals of metabolic syndrome were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no significant effect from the presence of hypertension (OR=2.36 for patients under 65 years old and OR=0.64 for patients over 65), diabetes or hypercholesterolemia regarding occurrences of dementia associated with PD (24% of the patients). The study demonstrated that each year of age increased the estimated risk of dementia in PD patients by 9% (OR=1.09; 95%CI: 1.01-1.17). CONCLUSION: There was no evidence to correlate the presence of metabolic syndrome with the risk of dementia that was associated with PD. The study confirmed that dementia in PD is age dependent and not related to disease duration.

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Associations Between Conventional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease in Men

Joosten¹,

Pai²,

Bertoia³

et al. 2012

JAMA

275

201

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Context Previous studies have examined the associations of individual clinical risk factors with risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD), but the combined effects of these risk factors are largely unknown. Objective To estimate the degree to which four conventional cardiovascular risk factors, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes, are associated with the risk of PAD among men. Design, settings and participants We prospectively followed 44,985 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study without a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline for 25 years (1986-2011). The presence of risk factors was updated biennially during follow-up. Main outcome measure Clinically significant PAD (defined as limb amputation/revascularization, angiogram reporting vascular obstruction of ≥50%, ankle-brachial index<0.90 or physician-diagnosed PAD). Results During a median follow-up of 24.2 years (interquartile range 20.8-24.7 years), 537 PAD cases occurred. Each risk factor was significantly and independently associated with a higher risk of PAD after adjustment for the other three risk factors and confounders. The age-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 person years were 6 cases for 0 risk factors, 18 cases for 1 risk factor, 39 cases for 2 risk factors, 76 cases for 3 risk factors and 139 cases for 4 risk factors. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for each additional risk factor compared was 2.06 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.92-2.32). Men without any of the four risk factors had a HR of PAD of 0.23 (95% CI, 0.14-0.36) compared with all other men in the cohort. In 96% (95% CI, 94-98%) of PAD cases, at least one of the four risk factors was present at the time of PAD diagnosis. The population-attributable risk associated with these four risk factors was 75% (95% CI, 64-87%). The incidence of PAD among men with all four risk factors was 1.4/1,000. Conclusion Among men in this cohort, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes account for most of the risk associated with development of clinically significant PAD.

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Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and risk of Parkinson disease

Abstract: Results of this large prospective study suggest that Parkinson disease risk is not significantly related to history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes but may modestly decline with increasing blood cholesterol levels.

Cited by 217 publications

References 38 publications

Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence

Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson’s disease: a review of the evidence

Metabolic syndrome and dementia associated with Parkinson's disease: impact of age and hypertension

Associations Between Conventional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease in Men

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