Hyperpigmentation following the use of bleaching creams. Localized exogenous ochronosis

Connor, Thomas B.; Braunstein, Barbara L.

doi:10.1001/archderm.123.1.105

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Transfollicular elimination of ochronotic fibers has also been described 39 . Fibers stain black with Fontana stain and blue‐black with methylene blue stain 18,40 . Ultrastructural examination reveals homogenous electron‐dense, irregular structures embedded in an amorphous granular material infiltrating adjacent collagen fibril bundles 42,43 .…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39 Fibers stain black with Fontana stain and blue-black with methylene blue stain. 18,40 Ultrastructural examination reveals homogenous electron-dense, irregular structures embedded in an amorphous granular material infiltrating adjacent collagen fibril bundles. 42,43 The source of these ochronotic fibers is not clear.…”

Section: Hydroquinonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chronic bleachers also exude an offensive fish odor in the sweat like the “fish odor syndrome.” 39,40 The “fish odor syndrome”, also known as trimethylaminuria, is characterized by body odor of rotten fish. This is due to excretion of a chemical, trimethylamine in the breath, urine, sweat, saliva, and vaginal secretions 41 …”

Section: Pathogenesis and Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complications of chronic use of skin lightening cosmetics

Olumide

Akinkugbe²,

Altraide³

et al. 2008

Int J Dermatology

202

203

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Skin lightening (bleaching) cosmetics and toiletries are widely used in most African countries. The active ingredients in these cosmetic products are hydroquinone, mercury and corticosteroids. Several additives (conconctions) are used to enhance the bleaching effect. Since these products are used for long duration, on a large body surface area, and under hot humid conditions, percutaneous absorption is enhanced. The complications of these products are very serious and are sometimes fatal. Some of these complications are exogenous ochronosis, impaired wound healing and wound dehiscence, the fish odor syndrome, nephropathy, steroid addiction syndrome, predisposition to infections, a broad spectrum of cutaneous and endocrinologic complications of corticosteroids, including suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In this era of easy travels and migration, African patients with these complications can present to physicians anywhere in the world. It is therefore critical for every practicing physician to be aware of these complications.

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Section: Pathogenesis and Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydroquinonementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathogenesis and Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Complications of chronic use of skin lightening cosmetics

Olumide

Akinkugbe²,

Altraide³

et al. 2008

Int J Dermatology

202

203

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“…Various treatments have been used for exogenous ochronosis, usually with frustrating results 28 . Satisfactory results have been described with retinoic acid, 29,30 dermabrasion, 31,32 cryotherapy, 21 CO 2 laser, 15 Q‐switched ruby laser, 33,34 Q‐switched alexandrine 755 laser, 22 among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroquinone‐induced exogenous ochronosis: a report of four cases and usefulness of dermoscopy

Charlin¹,

Barcauí²,

Kac³

et al. 2007

Int J Dermatology

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Hydroquinone is the first choice of topical bleaching agents used in treatment of melasma. In Brazil, hydroquinone is widely prescribed by physicians and often used by patients without a prescription. The principal adverse effects of its chronic use are confetti-like depigmentation and exogenous ochronosis. The latter manifests clinically with gray-brown or blue-black hyperpigmentation, as well as pinpoint hyperchromic papules that look like caviar, and therefore called caviar-like. On histopathology, curved ochre-colored structures, 'banana-shaped' fibers, appear in the papillary dermis. No description of dermoscopy in ochronosis is found in the literature. We report four cases of hydroquinone-induced exogenous ochronosis. Dermoscopy was performed in two patients on the areas with ochronosis, and in addition to the melasma findings, amorphous densely pigmented structures obliterating some follicular openings were observed. Exogenous ochronosis is an avoidable dermatosis that is difficult to treat. Dermatologists should be able to differentiate it from melasma and immediately discontinue hydroquinone.Dermoscopy might become a valuable resource in approaching exogenous ochronosis.

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Treatment and camouflaging of pigmentary disorders

Benmamán

Sánchez

1988

Clinics in Dermatology

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Hyperpigmentation following the use of bleaching creams. Localized exogenous ochronosis

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Complications of chronic use of skin lightening cosmetics

Complications of chronic use of skin lightening cosmetics

Hydroquinone‐induced exogenous ochronosis: a report of four cases and usefulness of dermoscopy

Treatment and camouflaging of pigmentary disorders

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