Hyperleptinemia, Adiposity, and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Older Adults

Mishra, Suruchi; Harris, Tamara B.; Hue, Trisha F.; Miljkovic, Iva; Satterfield, Suzanne; Rekeneire, Nathalie de; Mehta, Mira; Sahyoun, Nadine R.

doi:10.1155/2013/327079

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…We suggest that MetS per se may trigger mechanisms that are required for the development of neovascularization, including gene expression changes ( Mapk , Vegf , and Leptin induction) and macrophage infiltration. Both circulating and in situ leptin and VEGF may be the key factors for the development of CNV in MetS, given that elevated leptin levels were reported to increase the risk for MetS in humans [56]. In the present study, elevated plasma leptin levels were associated with enhanced CNV at 1 and 3 months, whereas similar to controls hyperleptinemia was reported at 6 months while no CNV was promoted.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Metabolic Syndrome Triggered by High-Fructose Diet Favors Choroidal Neovascularization and Impairs Retinal Light Sensitivity in the Rat

et al. 2014

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Diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are the leading causes of blindness in Western populations. Although it is a matter of controversy, large-scale population-based studies have reported increased prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in patients with diabetes or diabetic retinopathy. We hypothesized that metabolic syndrome, one of the major risk factors for type 2 diabetes, would represent a favorable environment for the development of choroidal neovascularization, the main complication of age-related macular degeneration. The fructose-fed rat was used as a model for metabolic syndrome in which choroidal neovascularization was induced by laser photocoagulation. Male Brown Norway rats were fed for 1, 3, and 6 months with a standard equilibrated chow diet or a 60%-rich fructose diet (n = 24 per time point). The animals expectedly developed significant body adiposity (+17%), liver steatosis at 3 and 6 months, hyperleptinemia at 1 and 3 months (two-fold increase) and hyperinsulinemia at 3 and 6 months (up to two-fold increase), but remained normoglycemic and normolipemic. The fructose-fed animals exhibited partial loss of rod sensitivity to light stimulus and reduced amplitude of oscillatory potentials at 6 months. Fructose-fed rats developed significantly more choroidal neovascularization at 14 and 21 days post-laser photocoagulation after 1 and 3 months of diet compared to animals fed the control diet. These results were consistent with infiltration/activation of phagocytic cells and up-regulation of pro-angiogenic gene expression such as Vegf and Leptin in the retina. Our data therefore suggested that metabolic syndrome would exacerbate the development of choroidal neovascularization in our experimental model.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Metabolic Syndrome Triggered by High-Fructose Diet Favors Choroidal Neovascularization and Impairs Retinal Light Sensitivity in the Rat

et al. 2014

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“…The kinanthropometry has been defined as the quantitative interface of the anatomy and physiology or between human structure and function (Vangrunderbeek et al, 2013) the human body is composed of a variety of different tissue types including lean tissues muscle, bone, and organs that are metabolically active, and fat adipose tissue that is not (Norton & Olds, 1996); In the field of medicine the assessment of body composition has been associated body fat mass content with a variety of risk factors for health and the presence of chronic degenerative pathologies (Mishra et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2014) the evolution of changes in body composition in the sedentary elderly it is manifested differently with respect to elderly people who exercise consistently (Mishra et al;Pillard et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 3-Month Water-Exercise Program on Body Composition in Elderly Women

et al. 2014

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SUMMARY:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a hydrogymnastics training program on Body fat and Fatfree mass in elderly women. The subjects were randomly divided in experimental groups that participated in the hydrogymnastics training program and control group that was not involved in the training and remained sedentary. They were assessed with anthropometric variables in accordance with ISAK protocol in order to determine Body fat (Kg), Fat-free mass (Kg), the training protocol consisted of hydrogymnastics sessions 5 times per week during 12 weeks of intervention, executed in a pool of 1.3 meters divided into three phases: a 10 minute warm-up, 30 minutes of aerobic exercise at 50-60% of maximum heart rate (monitored by heart rate monitor) and a 10 minute cool down. As a statistical method to compare the results between groups of variables pre and post training, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) mixed 2 X 2 (group X measurement) test was done using SPSS version 17. The findings showed no significant increase in measurements of muscle body composition component; no significant changes in fatty tissue of body composition were observed. These results were similar and congruent with studies carried out previously in elderly adults, where physical exercise programs, during which the subjects are active for less than 30 minutes, three times a week, lead to small or no changes in body mass and body composition.

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“…It is known that regulatory pathways involved in atherogenesis are influenced by leptin, insulin, adiponectin, and endothelin [13][14][15][16][17].We thus hypothesized that ratios of leptin to insulin and adiponectin to endothelin may be secondary derived biomarkers of severity of coronary lesions and these ratios should be compared in female and male patients separately [12]. Indeed, our data shown in Tables 4 and 5 indicate that these ratios can discriminate between patients with lowest Gensini score (quartile 1) versus other patients with more pronounced coronary lesions (quartiles 2, 3, and 4) [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Balance of insulin versus leptin controls energy metabolism via central nervous system by influencing lipolysis and de novo lipogenesis [13]. Studies in patients and animal models indicate that both hormones play the key role in regulation of white adipose tissue and can be involved in atherogenesis [13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%